基于Sagnac干涉仪的保偏光纤拍长测试技术

分析了一种由单模光纤耦合器和保偏光纤组成的混合光纤Sagnac干涉仪的反射谱和透射谱,揭示了这种干涉仪的光谱调制特性.基于其透射光谱的极值点特征,提出了一种简单、高精度的保偏光纤拍长测试技术并进行了精度分析,确定了待测保偏光纤长度的优化参数;搭建实验系统进行了实际测试.实验结果和理论估计一致.研究表明:该技术操作方便、测量可靠,拍长测量精度可优于0.01 mm.     

Zernike多项式拟合用于低温光学镜头热集成分析

文章介绍了Zernike多项式的特点以及多项式拟合在低温光学中的应用,通过对某低温光学镜头的热集成分析,阐述了Zernike多项式拟合在热集成分析中的重要性以及热变形对低温光学系统的影响。     

高职院校体育教师专业成长的策略分析

采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法以及数理统计法,通过现阶段高职院校体育教师专业素质水平状况的调研,从“四素质,三能力”的角度对调研结果进行了分析与讨论,进而提出了高职院校体育教师专业成长的七条策连略。     

Optimal interface surface determination for multi-axis freeform surface machining with both roughing and finishing

In the current practice of multi-axis machining of freeform surfaces, the interface surface between the roughing and finishing process is simply an offset surface of the nominal surface. While there have already been attempts at minimizing the machining time by considering the kinematic capacities of the machine tool and/or the physical constraints such as the cutting force, they all target independently at either the finishing or the roughing process alone and are based on the simple premise of an offset interface surface. Conceivably, since the total machining time should count that of both roughing and finishing process and both of them crucially depend on the interface surface, it is natural to ask if, under the same kinematic capacities and the same physical constraints, there is a nontrivial interface surface whose corresponding total machining time will be the minimum among all the possible (infinite) choices of interface surfaces, and this is the motivation behind the work of this paper. Specifically, with respect to the specific type of iso-planar milling for both roughing and finishing, we present a practical algorithm for determining such an optimal interface surface for an arbitrary freeform surface. While the algorithm is proposed for iso-planar milling, it can be easily adapted to other types of milling strategy such as contour milling. Both computer simulation and physical cutting experiments of the proposed method have convincingly demonstrated its advantages over the traditional simple offset method.     

大口径非球面加工中最接近参考球面的精确计算

摆臂轮廓测量技术要求将摆臂精准的装调至待检测非球面的最接近参考球面上，需要精确确定非球面的最接近参考球半径及球心位置，而常规的近似法、精确公式法以及最小二乘法不能满足计算的精度和效率等要求。为了弥补现有算法的不足，文章介绍了一种分阶段逼近最接近参考球半径的计算方法，该算法在最小二乘法的基础上，通过精确线搜索技术以及牛顿迭代法，实现了最接近参考球半径求解的高精度、高效率，并且应用于大口径非球面计算时迭代效率有了较大提高。计算实例结果显示，该算法满足摆臂测量时大口径非球面的最接近参考球半径的求解要求。     

Integrated guidance and control for damping augmented system via convex optimization

In this paper, an integrated guidance and control approach is presented to improve the performance of the missile interception. The approach includes damping augmented system with attitude rate feedback to decrease the oscillation during the homing phase for missiles with low damping. In addition, physical constraints, which can affect the performance of the missile interception, such as acceleration limit, seeker’s look angle, and look angle rate constraints are considered.The integrated guidan...     

Land use and cover change (LUCC) impacts on Earth’s eco-environments: Research progress and prospects

Land use and cover change (LUCC) is one of the key variables dominating land–atmosphere interactions and strongly affects the Earth’s eco-environments by altering surface properties. Numerous studies have been carried out to assess the impact of LUCC. However, the Earth is a large, open and complex system characterized by complex interactions between its eco-environments and drivers. This study aimed to summarize previous studies of the impact of LUCC on the Earth’s eco-environments and discuss the progress and limitations in suggesting future directions. Previous studies have confirmed that LUCC has a wide range of impacts on the Earth’s eco-environments, which are represented by the alternation of climate (temperature, precipitation, wind, and humidity), hydrology (soil moisture, runoff, and evapotranspiration), ecology and environmental (air, water, and soil) pollution. Physically, the impacts were mainly attributed to the disturbance of the surface radiation budget and matter conservation caused by LUCC. Although great achievements have been made, several challenges remain because of the unavoidable uncertainties in data sources and methodologies and the complexity of eco-environmental evolution. Therefore, data assimilation, physical-based investigations, contribution isolation, and full-process analysis are required to overcome these challenges in future research. The results of this study helped to capture the impact of LUCC and its physical mechanisms, which provide useful clues for future research and support the relative land use management for sustainable development.     

深空极低温服役环境下材料力学/物理性能低成本快速评价方法研究进展

随着我国空间探测卫星、深空探测飞行器等国家战略装备的快速发展,宇航材料的服役环境越来越苛刻,常常面临极端低温的考验。然而低温下材料的力学/物理性能和常温相比有很大差异,极低温使役环境下材料力学/物理性能评价成为人们关注的重点问题。本文着重对基于力-热能量密度等效原理而发展的深空极低温服役环境下材料屈服强度、弹性模量、理想拉伸强度、硬度等力学性能的低成本快速评价方法研究进展进行了总结和回顾;同时,介绍了力-热能量密度等效原理在低温下半导体材料的带隙能、折射率、拉曼频移,金属材料磁晶各向异性常数等物理性能的低成本快速评价方面的推广应用情况。该评价方法为实现地面实时监测在轨航天器中关键材料的主要力学/物理性能提供了有效途径,为国家高端技术装备建设中关键材料的设计、可靠性评价和实时性能监测等提供重要的手段。