频标比对中一种新的测量方法

在用比相法测量频率时 ,一般都是在 0°～ 360°范围内进行 ,由于在靠近 0°和 360°时存在有“死区”和非线性 ,使得系统的测量准确度和稳定性受到影响。为了解决这个问题 ,本文介绍一种新的测量方法 ,能够在测量中避开非线性区域 ,达到提高测量准确度和稳定性的目的 ,自校稳定性可达 2 6× 10 - 13 /s。     

微重力量值对气液两相流相分布及液相湍流统计量影响的数值研究

气液两相流在空间领域具有广阔的应用前景, 深入理解微重力量值(微重力大小)对相分布和液相湍流的影响十分必要. 采用欧拉elax-elax拉格朗日双向耦合模型深入研究了不同微重力量值对相分布和液相湍流的影响. 液相速度场通过直接数值模拟求解, 气泡的运动轨迹由牛顿运动方程跟踪. 研究表明, 气泡分布和液相湍流与微重力量值均具有直接联系. 在低微重力量值下, 气泡近似均匀分布在槽道内, 且对液相湍流统计量几乎没有影响; 然而当微重力量值较高时, 大量气泡聚集在壁面附近, 液相湍流由于气泡的注入受到极大调制.     

Feasibility analysis of solar thermal propulsion system with thermal energy storage

Possessing relatively high specific impulse and moderate thrust levels, solar thermal propulsion (STP) is a promising candidate in spacecraft propulsion system. However, the traditional solar thermal propulsion system suffers from thrust failure in the shadow area, which seriously affects its applicability. In this paper, we investigate feasibility of regenerative solar thermal propulsion system (RSTP) incorporating thermal energy storage, which can effectively overcome unmatched synchronous working time and illumination time. A numerical model for RSTP considering the whole energy transfer process from light concentrating, heat storage, to thrust generation is built, which is verified by experiment measurements with relative errors less than 15 %. The result shows that the maximum time to complete heat storage is about 4000 s, which is within the illumination time for low Earth orbit. In the solar eclipse region, the thrust (F_t) and the specific impulse (I_sp) of the system increase with the propellant flow rate, which can reach about 2 N and 690 s, respectively. What’s more, the system can operate for around 100 s continuously at the maximum thrust in the shadow area. This work provides alternative approaches for microsatellite propulsion with high specific impulse, high thrust, and continuous operation despite presence of solar eclipse.     

一种用于导弹姿态控制系统的直接力非线性控制法

为改善传统导弹姿控系统线性控制法的不足,用相平面法分析了直接力作用下导弹的姿态运动规律和气动力作用对直接力控制的影响,提出了一种综合控制精度、姿控发动机产品特性和推进剂消耗量等指标的直接力非线性控制方法,给出了控制模型。仿真结果表明,该法能在气动力作用或干扰无法忽略的条件下实现导弹姿控发动机的开关工作正常,保证精度及推进剂消耗最省,其控制精度与线性比例微分(PD)控制律相当。     

镀膜光纤声相位调制器的研究

本文主要讨论氧化锌镀膜光纤光相位调制器。首先介绍了氧化锌镀膜光纤的几何结构,然后分析了此几何结构压电声光振荡的基本原理并推出了氧化锌镀膜光纤声光相位调制器Ｔ型网络的等效电路模型,最后给出了氧化锌镀膜光纤声光相位调制器的实验测试装置及基本工程原理。     

相敏检波法在硬支承动平衡检测中的应用

为了检测硬支承情况下转子的不平衡量,针对目前常用相敏检波电路的缺点,提出了一种模拟乘法器式检测转子旋转过程中不平衡量大小和相位的相敏检波法。描述了此方法的原理,运用此方法设计了检测电路,实现了预期的目的。     

一种适合单频GPS动态求解整周模糊度的方法

对于高精度测量和导航,GPS载波相位整周模糊度的快速求解仍然是一个难点,尤其对于单频接收机。本文提出一种动态快速求解整周模糊度的方法,其基本思想先对系数阵进行QR分解,然后通过矩阵变换使模糊度参数和位置参数分离,从而降低矩阵的维数,满足实时动态求解的要求,最后应用LAMBDA方法搜索模糊度。为验证该算法,我们用单频GPS接收机进行了两种实验(静态和动态),利用本文方法解算,静态误差小于1．5cm,动态误差小于4cm。实验结果表明：对于动态用户,该方法是快速和有效的。该方法可应用于高精度的导航和定位。     

PM-TiAl 基合金热处理及其性能

为了优化TiAl合金的使用性能,本文研究了热等静压后的PM-TiAl基合金经过热处理后显微组织的变化情况及力学性能,发现其在热处理温度为1 355℃为全片层组织,在1 335℃为双态组织.全片层组织常温下的抗拉强度为446 MPa,随着温度的升高而增加;屈服强度为386 MPa,随着温度的升高而降低.     

Effect of W addition on phase transformation and microstructure of powder metallurgic Ti-22Al-25Nb alloys during quenching and furnace cooling

Powder metallurgic Ti2 AlNb alloys with W addition are sintered at 900, 1000, 1070 °C,and 1150 °C(i.e., in the O + B2, a_2+ B2 + O, a_2+ B2, and single B2 phase regions, respectively)for 12 h, followed by water quenching and furnace cooling. Comparisons of phase and microstructure between quenched and furnace-cooled W-modified alloys are carried out to illustrate the phase transformation and microstructure evolution during the cooling process. Furthermore, a comparison is also made between W-modified and W-free alloys, to reveal the function of the W alloying.W addition accelerates the solutions of a_2 and O phases during the high-temperature holding, and a Widmannsta¨tten B2 + O structure, which contributes to the properties, is induced by furnace cooling from all the phase regions. The Widmannsta¨tten structure includes a B2 matrix, primary O, and secondary O precipitates. However, W alloying refines the Widmannsta¨tten structure only when the alloys are solution-treated and then cooled from the single B2 phase. Although the hardness of the W-modified alloys is lower than that of the W-free alloys sintered in the same phase region, an enhancement of hardness, 489 ± 18 HV, is obtained in the alloy solution-treated in the single B2 phase region for only 0.5 h.     

硝酸羟胺基单组元液体火箭发动机起动过程的模拟（投稿 空间推进专刊）

无毒单组元液体火箭发动机是空间推进的发展方向之一。本文针对硝酸羟胺基单组元液体火箭发动机的起动过程,建立了零维模型、不考虑相变过程的仿真模型,和考虑相变过程的仿真模型,并采用这些模型对60 N发动机进行了起动过程的模拟和对比分析。计算结果显示,推力室升压过程历经快速的气体充填和较慢的催化室升温两个阶段。零维计算模型和不考虑相变的CFD方法计算得到的两个阶段时长基本一致,但第一阶段时间显著低于试验结果,第二阶段时长与试验符合。考虑推进剂相变过程的模型计算结果与试验结果符合较好。一维计算得到HAN基推进剂在进入催化床约4mm的长度内完全分解。升压第一阶段受催化分解影响很大,HAN基推进剂的分解反应速率低于肼的分解反应速率。