时变等离子鞘套相位抖动对GPS导航的影响

飞行器再入过程中产生的时变等离子鞘套会引起信号的时变衰减和相位抖动,其产生的相位抖动对调相体制的GPS导航系统必然产生影响。探讨了时变等离子鞘套引起信号相位抖动的机理,通过传输矩阵法计算了由时变等离子鞘套引起GPS导航信号的相位抖动的统计特性,结合Hilbert方法建立了受到相位抖动影响的GPS信号模型,研究了黑障发生前等离子鞘套的相位抖动对GPS导航的影响。仿真结果表明GPS导航受到影响的程度和相位抖动方差大小密切相关。在NASA数据下相位抖动方差为0.1142时,定位变化大于10m的最大比例超出了1.5%,大于5m的最大比例超出了14%。     

高动态卫星信号模拟器四阶相位合成器设计

为实现北斗二号导航系统卫星信号模拟器产生的信号对高动态条件下载体特征的准确表示,设计了一种四阶相位合成器。理论分析了由量化误差引起合成器各阶次状态间的误差传递效应,提出了非对称结构的优化设计,以平衡各阶次状态误差对最终相位状态的贡献权值;对非对称合成器进行合理的线性化近似,构建状态偏差平方和的目标函数,并给出了使其最小条件下求解各阶控制量最优值的方法。最后对高动态仿真信号进行捕获跟踪分析,结果表明该合成器合成信号的等效伪距和速度精度可分别达到10 -3 m和10 -4 m/s,优于低阶相位合成器的精度;并通过对比实验,验证了合成器量化位数对合成精度的影响。     

锁相环中数字分频器对输出信号相位噪声和杂散的影响

基于对数字分频器混叠效应的分析,解释了锁相环相位噪声线形模型与一些实验 结果误差较大的原因。并通过对数字分频器的建模,得到了数字分频器输出信号相位噪声和 杂散的计算方法。实验证明这种方法的计算结果与实验结果相吻合。再以此修正锁相环相位 噪声线形模型,使锁相环输出信号的相位噪声和杂散的预测能够更加准确。     

一种低成本抗干扰速率计的设计

为降低某车载导航系统速率计的外购成本,设计了一种低成本速率计。该速率计采用高精度光电编码器,基于差分思想设计了具有较高抗干扰能力的鉴相电路,并设计了相应的机械结构部件,从总体上降低了成本。该速率计通过了环境试验考核,匹配车载导航系统进行了跑车试验验证,试验数据表明该速率计满足某项目车载导航系统的要求。     

感应同步器前处理模拟电路误差对系统测量精度影响分析

依据感应同步器的工作原理,分析并验证了跟踪测角系统的稳定性。据此仿真分析了感应同步器前处理电路中信号幅值、相位以及参考信号相位等的误差对系统测量准确度的影响,对理论误差模型进行验证,最终获得了前处理电路误差对系统测角精度影响的计算公式。     

一种适合单频GPS动态求解整周模糊度的方法

对于高精度测量和导航,GPS载波相位整周模糊度的快速求解仍然是一个难点,尤其对于单频接收机。本文提出一种动态快速求解整周模糊度的方法,其基本思想先对系数阵进行QR分解,然后通过矩阵变换使模糊度参数和位置参数分离,从而降低矩阵的维数,满足实时动态求解的要求,最后应用LAMBDA方法搜索模糊度。为验证该算法,我们用单频GPS接收机进行了两种实验(静态和动态),利用本文方法解算,静态误差小于1．5cm,动态误差小于4cm。实验结果表明：对于动态用户,该方法是快速和有效的。该方法可应用于高精度的导航和定位。     

基于相位平滑伪距的GNSS时差监测评估

随着全球卫星导航系统进一步的发展和完善,在系统层面上对各个GNSS进行实时时差监测是必要的。为了降低时差监测中伪距观测值的观测噪声及多径误差对时差监测的影响,采用相位平滑伪距的方法对伪距观测值的噪声及多径误差进行平滑,该方法可以实时地对伪距观测值进行处理,并且具有较好的平滑效果。利用平滑后的伪距观测值进行时差监测可以将时差监测值的标准差由2~4ns降低到1~3ns,噪声降低比率平均在20%以上。在与BIPM公布的时差数据相比,GPS-GLONASS实测值也具有较好的一致性,可以满足GNSS时差监测与预报的需求。     

Effects of pressure oscillation on aerodynamic characteristics in an aero-engine combustor

The effects of pressure oscillation on aerodynamic characteristics in an aero-engine combustor are investigated. A combustor test rig is designed to simulate the pressure drop characteristics of a practical annular combustor. The pressure drop characteristics are firstly measured under atmosphere condition with non-reacting flow (or cold flow), and the air mass flow proportion of each component (dome/liner) are obtained; these properties are base lines for comparison with combustion state. The combustion tests are then carried out under conditions of inlet temperature 340–450 K, fuel air ratio 0.010–0.028. The stability map and the oscillation frequencies are obtained in the tests, the results show that pressure oscillation amplitude increases with the increase of fuel air ratio. Phase trajectory reconstruction is applied to classify the pressure oscillation motion; there are three motions captured in the tests including: “disk”, “ring” and “cluster”. The pressure drops across the dome under strong pressure oscillation are distinctly divergent from the cold flow, and the changes of pressure drops are mainly affected by pressure oscillation amplitude, but is less influenced by pressure oscillation motion nor oscillation frequencies. Based on the mass flow conservation, the reduction of effective flow area of combustor under strong pressure oscillation is demonstrated. Liner wall temperatures are analyzed through Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method to estimate the reduction of the air mass flow proportion of the liner cooling under strong pressure oscillation. Finally, the air mass flow proportions of each component under strong pressure oscillation are estimated, the results show that the pressure oscillation motion also has influence on air mass flow proportion.     

Venus atmospheric platform options revisited

Various balloon systems intended as scientific platforms to float in the atmosphere of Venus at altitudes between about 35 and 65 km are briefly reviewed. Previous predictions of the altitude oscillations of balloons filled with helium gas and water vapor are largely confirmed through numerical simulation and analysis. The need for refined thermal modelling is emphasised. Several novel technical concepts are introduced. It is concluded that phase change balloons would be more suitable than non-condensing super pressure gas balloons when repeated altitude excursions are a mission requirement.     

利用旋转多普勒的单站无源定位性能分析

针对只测相位差变化率无源定位问题,提出了一种利用旋转多普勒的单站无源定位体制。该体制利用两接收天线构成长基线干涉仪(LBI),不但利用干涉仪平动带来的相位差变化率信息,还利用干涉仪自身转动引入的相位差变化率信息。从定位线特性的角度分析了该定位体制的原理,并推导了定位误差的克拉美-罗下限(CRLB)。理论分析和计算结果表明,通过干涉仪转动,能够提高定位精度,且干涉仪转动越快、基线方向变化范围越大,定位性能越好。