不规则裂纹宽度的一种分段评定法

针对表面裂纹边缘轮廓的不规则特性,提出了一种分段宽度评定方法.利用计算机数字图像处理的方法,在获得表面图像后,对该图像沿纵向进行分段,分别对每段的裂纹宽度用Ferret算法进行评定.为了比较不同的分段方法的优劣,提出有用信息利用率的概念,从几种分段方法中选出一种最优的方法进行分段评定,最后得出该裂纹宽度的定量评定.经过实例验证,用此方法可以定量评定裂纹的宽度,评定的结果可以为机械结构表面检测提供有效依据,该方法也可应用于一般不规则图形几何尺寸的定量评定.      

飞行器红外隐身效能工程评价方法

 针对飞行器的红外隐身问题,推导出红外辐射对比度与作用距离的理论关系,采用指数拟合获得大气透过率与作用距离的近似关系表达式,简化了对作用距离的计算,并通过实际算例考察了目标表面温度、目标发射率和飞行速度对红外辐射对比度及作用距离的影响。结果表明：对比度和作用距离随目标表面温度、发射率及飞行速度的下降趋势基本一致;在一定条件下,对比度可代替作用距离作为评价目标红外隐身效果的简单、快速的参数,对比度越小目标的红外隐身效果越好。对比度的计算快速、准确、灵活性强和适用范围广,为今后进一步对飞行器的红外隐身研究提供一定的理论参考。     

空间环境效应评价与防护技术研究现状与发展设想

文章从建立我国自主的空间环境保障体系出发,指出开展我国空间环境效应评价与防护技术研究的重要性。基于我国在此领域的现状,提出未来发展的设想,包括建立航天器材料空间环境效应评价技术方法体系,研究航天器材料空间环境效应模拟的新技术、新方法,发展航天器材料空间环境效应仿真分析技术,以及航天器材料空间环境效应在轨监测及试验验证技术等。     

航天器零推进剂姿态机动启发式规划方法

针对零推进剂姿态机动约束耦合,导致规划效率低的问题,提出一种基于约束评价启发式的差分进化算法。基于零推进剂姿态机动约束分析,在规划空间中建立约束评价函数,对航天器约束和控制力矩陀螺约束进行解耦分类处理。设计基于约束评价函数的启发式策略,用于改进差分进化算法的种群变异,主动控制规划进程,引导零推进剂姿态机动规划序列满足多种约束,得到安全的姿态机动路径和控制力矩陀螺框架角路径。最后,数值仿真结果验证了该方法能够实现航天器零推进剂姿态机动规划。     

A multi-constraints based pose coordination model for large volume components assembly

In the assembly process of large volume product, engineering constraints limit the relative pose of components and serve as a standard for judging assembly quality. However, in the traditional process of target pose estimation, a general method is needed for establishing the correlation between engineering constraints and product pose, and it is difficult to evaluate pose by constraints comprehensively. Therefore, the process of target pose estimation and evaluation is separated. In this paper, a pose coordination model based on multi-constraints is proposed, which includes pre-processing, pose estimation, pose adjustment and evaluation. Firstly, engineering constraints are decoupled into 4 types of Minimum Geometrical Reference Constraints (MGRC), and the inequalities for solving target pose are formulated. Then the Constraint Coordination Index (CCI) is defined as the optimization objective to solve the target pose. Finally, with CCI as the numerical index, the target pose is evaluated to illustrate the quality of assembly. Taking the simulation experiment of wing-fuselage jointing as an example, the external and internal parameters of model are analyzed, and the pose estimation based on multi-constraints reduces the CCI by 12%, compared with the point-set-registration method.     

Equatorial secondary cosmic ray observatory to study space weather and terrestrial events

Recently, equatorial secondary cosmic ray observatory has been established at Equatorial Geophysical Research Laboratory (EGRL), Tirunelveli, (Geographic Coordinates: 8.71°N, 77.76°E), to study secondary cosmic rays (SCR) produced due to the interaction of primary cosmic rays with the Earth’s atmosphere. EGRL is a regional center of Indian Institute of Geomagnetism (IIG), located near the equator in the Southern part of India. Two NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors are installed inside the temperature controlled environment. One detector is cylindrical in shape of size 7.62?cm?×?7.62?cm and another one is rectangular cuboid of 10.16?cm?×?10.16?cm?×?40.64?cm size. Besides NaI(Tl) detectors, various other research facilities such as the Geomagnetic observatory, Medium Frequency Radar System, Digital Ionosonde, All-sky airglow imager, Atmospheric electricity laboratory to measure the near-Earth atmospheric electric fields are also available at EGRL. With the accessibility of multi- instrument facilities, the objective is set to understand the relationship between SCR and various atmospheric and ionospheric processes, during space weather and terrestrial events.For gamma-ray spectroscopy, it is important to test the performance of the NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors and to calibrate the gamma-ray spectrum in terms of energy. The present article describes the details of the experimental setup installed near the equator to study cosmic rays, along with the performance testing and calibration of the detectors under various conditions. A systematic shift in the gain is observed with varying temperature of the detector system. It is found that the detector’s response to the variations in the temperature is not just linear or non-linear type, but it depends on the history of the variation, indicating temperature hysteresis effects on NaI detector and PMT system. This signifies the importance of isothermal environment while studying SCR flux using NaI(Tl) detectors, especially for the experiments conducted during daytime such as solar eclipses etc.     

Performance assessment of real-time multi-GNSS integrated PPP with uncombined and ionospheric-free combined observables

For precise position services, the real-time precise point positioning (PPP) is a promising technology. The real-time PPP performance is expected to be improved by multi-system combination. The performance of real-time multi-system PPP needs to be periodically investigated, with the increasing number of available satellites and the continuously improved quality of real-time precise products of satellite clocks and orbits. In this study, a comprehensive performance assessment is conducted for the four-system integrated real-time PPP (FSIRT-PPP) with GPS, BDS, Galileo and GLONASS in both static and kinematic modes. The datasets from 118 stations spanning approximately a month are used for analysis, and the real-time stream CLK93 is employed. The superior performance of FSIRT-PPP is validated by comparing with the results of GPS/BDS, GPS/Galileo, GPS/GLONASS, GPS-only, BDS-only, Galileo-only and GLONASS-only cases. The FSIRT-PPP using ionospheric-free (IF) combined observables can achieve a convergence time of 10.9, 4.8 and 11.8 min and a positioning accuracy of 0.4, 0.5 and 0.7 cm in the static mode in the east, north and up directions, respectively, while the derived statistic is 15.4, 7.0 and 16.4 min, and 1.6, 1.2 and 3.4 cm in the kinematic mode in the three directions, respectively. Moreover, we also compare the position solutions of real-time PPP adopting IF combined and uncombined (UC) observables, and prove the mathematical equivalence between the two PPP models in the converged stage, provided that there are no external ionospheric corrections or constraints given to the estimated ionospheric delays in the UC model. The difference between the fully converged positioning accuracy of IF-based and UC-based real-time PPP is marginal, but the UC-based real-time PPP has longer convergence time due to the influence of the significant unmodeled time-varying errors in the real-time precise products as well as the different parameterization between them. For completeness, the real-time kinematic PPP results in harsh environments and the post-processed PPP results are also presented.     

基于位姿测量不确定度的飞机对接质量评估

针对基于位姿的数字化测量辅助飞机大部件对接技术的发展与应用,对位姿测量不确定度以及基于不确定度的质量评价方法进行了研究.给出了数字化对接环境下大部件位姿的数学表达形式及意义.提出了基于协方差矩阵的位姿测量不确定度解析算法,并通过仿真算例与蒙特卡洛仿真法进行了对比,验证了该算法的有效性.给出了飞机大部件对接过程数字化测量工艺能力指数的概念,用于对测量结果的可信性进行评价;通过构建位姿测量不确定度与对接质量评估指标间的映射关系,提出了一种基于位姿测量不确定度的大部件对接质量评估方法,并以机翼-机身对接过程为案例,对方法的可行性、算法的有效性进行了验证.     

变几何变工质涡轮性能预测及变工况性能计算

为适应涡轮在变工质，大变工况条件下的性能预测，研究了工质的性质，涡轮各种损失与涡轮流通通道内的临界堵塞流动，变几何涡轮的性能计算方法。这些研究的结果是变几何变工质涡轮理论分析的有用工具。     

超燃冲压发动机性能的准二维计算方法

为了能在双模态超燃冲压发动机流道方案初步论证中提供一种较快速的发动机性能计算方法,在二维N-S方程基础上,引入一维完全燃烧计算方法,提出了预估超燃冲压发动机性能的准二维计算方法.该方法能够计入激波、边界层分离等对发动机性能的影响,可在较短时间计算出整机推力、比冲性能和沿程热力学参数.通过对自由射流发动机计算,验证了此方法.并在此基础上,初步分析了燃料喷注位置和流道构型对发动机性能的影响.