Using S-band dual polarized radar for convective/stratiform rain indexing and the correspondence with AMSR-E GSFC profiling algorithm

The separation of rain types in convective and stratiform regimes has long been a goal in microwave remote sensing of precipitation research. In this essence, a dual polarized radar based indexing scheme that provides information on convective and stratiform (C/S) rain regimes has been presented in correspondence with advanced microwave scanning radiometer – earth observing system (AMSR-E) GSFC profiling algorithm estimate of convective rain percentage. The dual polarized radar based C/S indexing scheme first retrieves the normalized gamma drop size distribution parameters, median volume drop diameter (D₀) and concentration parameter (N_w), from dual polarized radar measurements Z_H and Z_DR, representing reflectivity and differential reflectivity respectively, by means of the genetic programming approach. Next, the C/S rain index is calculated based on the formulation of an empirical relation in N_w–D₀ domain. The scheme has been inspected and applied on measurements from the S-band Chilbolton dual polarized radar. A considerable number of “coincident” cases from the radar and the AMSR-E observations are investigated. It has been revealed that the dual polarized radar based C/S rain indexing is in a similar pattern with the AMSR-E GSFC profiling algorithm estimate of convective rain percentage. Generally, as C/S rain index value increases, which signifies a stratiform to convective trend, the AMSR-E convective rain percentage also increases.     

Effect of inlet rotating swirl on endwall film cooling for two representative hole arrangements

The swirl generator is widely used in lean-burn combustor to guarantee flame stability and reduce NO_x emissions. Thus, the non-uniformities induced by the swirler would affect and damage film-cooling effectiveness on the turbine components, even blow-off coolant coverage, to some certain extent. The arrangement of film-cooling holes was normally designed to be perpendicular to the axial direction and in standard straight row. In this work we experimentally studied the effects of inlet swirl and mass flow ratio on traditional film cooling holes arrangement and a new arrangement pattern whose holes are located along the isobars. Results indicated that the swirl perturbation would damage film coverage. The film-cooling effect of endwall on which the holes are along the isobars, is invariably more promising than that of endwall on which hole arrangement is perpendicular to axial with the same mass flow of coolant, whether the inlet conditions is uniform or not.     

氢钟开发技术和展望

由氢脉泽原理对原子频率标准目前的发展进行了分析。对主动和被动氢脉泽限制频率稳定度的基本不稳定因素进行了分析。描述确保主动和被动氢脉泽高短期和长期频率稳定的设计方法。现在,主动氢脉泽指标可达到1.10-13/s和3.5.10-16/d,被动氢脉泽指标可达到4.10-13/s和2.5.10-15/d。还讨论了氢脉泽指标的进一步改善。     

A vision-based navigation approach with multiple radial shape marks for indoor aircraft locating

Since GPS signals are unavailable for indoor navigation, current research mainly focuses on vision-based locating with a single mark. An obvious disadvantage with this approach is that locating will fail when the mark cannot be seen. The use of multiple marks can solve this problem. However, the extra process to design and identify different marks will significantly increase system complexity. In this paper, a novel vision-based locating method is proposed by using marks with feature points arranged in a radial shape. The feature points of the marks consist of inner points and outer points. The positions of the inner points are the same in all marks, while the positions of the outer points are different in different marks. Unlike traditional camera locating methods （the PnP methods）, the proposed method can calculate the camera location and the positions of the outer points simultaneously. Then the calculation results of the positions of the outer points are used to identify the mark. This method can make navigation with multiple marks more efficient. Simulations and real world experiments are carried out, and their results show that the proposed method is fast, accurate and robust to noise.     

Control strategies for aircraft airframe noise reduction

With the development of low-noise aircraft engine, airframe noise now represents a major noise source during the commercial aircraft’s approach to landing phase. Noise control efforts have therefore been extensively focused on the airframe noise problems in order to further reduce aircraft overall noise. In this review, various control methods explored in the last decades for noise reduction on airframe components including high-lift devices and landing gears are summarized. We introduce recent major achievements in airframe noise reduction with passive control methods such as fairings, deceleration plates, splitter plates, acoustic liners, slat cove cover and side-edge replacements, and then discuss the potential and control mechanism of some promising active flow control strategies for airframe noise reduction, such as plasma technique and air blowing/suction devices. Based on the knowledge gained throughout the extensively noise control testing, a few design concepts on the landing gear, high-lift devices and whole aircraft are provided for advanced aircraft low-noise design. Finally, discussions and suggestions are given for future research on airframe noise reduction.     

基于分布式伪卫星的双星定位系统定位方法研究

在分析基于伪卫星技术的双星定位系统研究存在的问题的基础上,提出了一种基于分布式伪卫星的双星定位系统改进定位策略。该策略充分利用双星定位系统的现有资源,将地面标校站改组为分布式伪卫星站,在不改变双星定位系统现有工作体制的基础上,通过融合双星定位系统所有信息进行单点定位。仿真计算结果表明,该改进策略能使低纬度地区定位精度提高近3倍,达到20~60m,且其无源定位方式能够有效解决用户容量限制和隐蔽性、抗毁性较差等问题。     

星敏感器中星图图像的星体细分定位方法研究

介绍了星敏感器的基本工作原理和星图图像的预处理的主要方法,将传统质心法、带阈值的质心法、平方加权质心法和高斯曲面拟合法应用于星敏感器中星图图像的星体细分定位,并进行了较为系统的仿真研究.仿真结果表明,带阈值的质心法是一种较为理想的星体细分定位方法.就噪声水平、阈值选择及低通滤波对细分定位精度的影响进行了仿真研究.最后,利用仿真结果对模拟星图图像的星体进行了细分定位实验,取得了较为满意的结果.      

一种快速的星敏感器星跟踪方法研究

阐述了星敏感器中星跟踪方法的重要性,指出了目前国内外星跟踪方法的不足。针对这些不足,提出了一种全新的、快速的星跟踪方法。新的跟踪方法采用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)实现了实时的星点定位;正是由于这种技术的采用,加快了星点位置信息的获取,摈弃了跟踪窗的跟踪方法,采用简单的匹配识别的跟踪方法;对于新星的识别,由于有初始姿态而采用匹配组的识别方法。最后给出了星跟踪过程的实验结果。     

直升机发射火箭弹精度低的原因及提高措施分析

本文分析了直升机发射火箭精度低的主要原因在于火箭本身随机缺陷(推力偏心等)和火箭/发射器系统随机扰动引起弹道散布大。提高精度措施有:1.增大火箭初速;2.增加出口转速;3.采用被动控制装置。     

无源无线声表面波压力传感器校准技术研究

声表面波压力传感器是一种新型传感器,它的一大优势是具有无源无线信号传递特性,可以突破传统传感器线缆连接的限制,近年来受到国内外研究机构普遍重视。本文探讨了SAW压力传感器的校准技术,对某种商业传感器进行校准,使用最小二乘法分析校准结果,并进行不确定度评估。校准结果显示该传感器在误差、线性、重复性等方面可满足一定精度要求,通过进一步发展,有望在航天领域得到实际应用。