基于奇异值分解的单框架变速控制力矩

摘要： 本文提出一种新的变速控制力矩陀螺（VSCMGs）的角动量管理方法.将VSCMGs的控制力矩(CMGs)模式和飞轮模式分开求解同步输出,对CMGs模式力矩输出进行奇异值分解,只有CMGs模式接近奇异的时候,在奇异方向上的指令力矩才会分配一部分给RWs模式,从而在保证VSCMGs输出精度的情况下尽量充分的利用VSCMGs的执行能力.同时角动量管理算法中还引入零运动来实现转子轮速平衡以及框架构型避奇异,并且考虑了框架角速度死区非线性以及忽略项的补偿问题.仿真结果表明,所设计的操纵律在航天器大角度快速姿态机动时,可以实现高精度的大力矩输出.     

基于运动捕捉系统的多旋翼飞行器实时测姿算法

旋翼飞行器的室内自主飞行是目前研究的热点之一。在室内飞行过程中,飞行器姿态和位置信息可以通过运动捕捉系统（Motion Capture System,MCS）来进行实时测量,从而为机载低成本MEMS惯性导航系统提供校正信息。结合四旋翼飞行器的结构特性,提出了一种五点实时测姿算法。相对于目前MCS常用的测姿算法,该算法可以降低标记点安装引起的测姿误差。室内实验结果表明,该算法测姿精度高,并且能够有效实现四旋翼飞行器室内动态实时姿态测量,具有较好的工程应用价值。     

Spin motion determination of the Envisat satellite through laser ranging measurements from a single pass measured by a single station

The Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) technology is used to accurately determine the position of space objects equipped with so-called retro-reflectors or retro-reflector arrays (RRA). This type of measurement allows to measure the range to the spacecraft with high precision, which leads to determination of very accurate orbits for these targets. Non-active spacecraft, which are not attitude controlled any longer, tend to start to spin or tumble under influence of the external and internal torques and forces.If the return signal is measured for a non-spherical non-active rotating object, the signal in the range residuals with respect to the reference orbit is more complex. For rotating objects the return signal shows an oscillating pattern or patterns caused by the RRA moving around the satellite’s centre of mass. This behaviour is projected onto the radial component measured by the SLR.In our work, we demonstrate how the SLR ranging technique from one sensor to a satellite equipped with a RRA can be used to precisely determine its spin motion during one passage. Multiple SLR measurements of one target over time allow to accurately monitor spin motion changes which can be further used for attitude predictions. We show our solutions of the spin motion determined for the non-active ESA satellite Envisat obtained from measurements acquired during years 2013–2015 by the Zimmerwald SLR station, Switzerland. All the necessary parameters are defined for our own so-called point-like model which describes the motion of a point in space around the satellite centre of mass.     

平板及减阻沟槽表面雷诺切应力的实验研究

利用二维LDV系统对零压力梯度下光滑面和减阻沟槽面湍流边界层流场进行对比测量.着重考察了相同流动条件下光滑面、沟槽面的槽及峰上部区域雷诺切应力的分布特性,并利用象限分析法研究了沟槽面对湍流边界层相干结构的影响.研究发现:减阻沟槽面槽峰增强了雷诺切应力水平,使其上部区域下扫事件的平均强度增强;而槽部则抑制了雷诺切应力水平,削弱了其上部区域下扫事件的强度;沟槽上部区域雷诺切应力水平的降低幅度高于槽峰上的增加幅度.由此可以认为:沟槽的抑制作用抵消了沟槽峰部的增强效果,使得近壁区内动量交换水平减弱,从而,减阻沟槽面的雷诺切应力在总体上表现为减小.     

一种结合深度学习的运动去模糊视觉SLAM方法

针对高动态环境下视觉同步定位与地图构建(SLAM)系统的可靠性受运动模糊的限制,研究了一种基于生成对抗网络(GAN)和AKAZE特征点的运动去模糊视觉SLAM方案。首先,对因相机快速运动而产生的模糊图像进行AKAZE特征点的提取与检测,并根据特征点分布的丰富程度计算图像块权重,结合灰度图像的方差信息建立特征点与模糊程度之间的量化关系表;然后,将达到模糊分数阈值的图像同步输入至改进GAN模型,该网络以端对端的形式恢复中心模糊帧的纹理信息;最后,对输出的清晰图像重新进行位姿估计,以参与ORB-SLAM2后端优化过程。在公开数据集TUM上进行测试,对于受模糊影响较严重的数据集,该方案可以显著降低相机轨迹估计的整体误差,同时维持较好的鲁棒性。     

模型预测滤波在机载SAR运动补偿POS系统中的应用

 机载合成孔径雷达（SAR）运动补偿用位置姿态系统（POS）的定位精度直接影响SAR成像的效果。为进一步提高POS的导航精度,提出将模型预测滤波（MPF）与扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）相结合的方法应用于POS中。该方法不需要假设模型误差为高斯过程,并能够在线实时估计并修正系统模型,有效解决了MPF算法与系统模型不完全兼容的问题。飞行试验结果表明,该方法的收敛速度和滤波精度均明显优于目前工程应用中的KF和EKF,特别是大大提高了POS的定位精度;同时该算法与线性滤波KF的计算量相当,更好地满足了工程应用对导航精度和实时性的要求。     

基于序列图象的三维刚体运动估计研究进展

序列图象运动估计是动态场景分析的基础,它主要研究如何从变化场景的一系列不同时刻的图象中,提取出有关场景中物体的位置、运动和结构等信息。在综述了基于序列图象运动分析的传统方法及其技术特点和存在的问题后,分析了基于序列图象的三维刚体运动估计研究的发展趋势。     

柔性对涡街中细丝运动状态的影响

在涡街中,细丝的运动状态和其推进性能是密切相关的,研究柔性对涡街中细丝运动状态的影响,可以为柔性飞行器在编队飞行时的柔性设计提供参考。给出三种不同的细丝柔性分布模式,通过浸入边界法,探究在不同涡街中(卡门涡街和反卡门涡街)柔性对细丝运动状态的影响,并总结细丝运动状态随柔性的变化规律。结果表明:当细丝柔性发生改变时,细丝运动状态也会发生变化,由绕核运动转变为在涡街一侧运动,或者由后者转变为前者,并且细丝运动状态随柔性的变化规律受竖直方向上诱导速度和涡向下游传输速度的共同影响。     

Reachable set estimation for spacecraft relative motion based on bang-bang principle

For spacecraft formation flight, the information of relative motion reachable set is very important, which can be used to predict the operating boundary of adjacent spacecraft and thus to ensure the safety of spacecraft operation. In this paper, we aim at developing a numerical method to approximate the reachable set for spacecraft relative motion. In particular, we focus on the quality of the approximation and the computational cost. Based on the bang-bang control principle, a polyhedral approximation algorithm is proposed to compute the reachable set of a relative motion spacecraft system. An inner approximation and an outer approximation of the reachable set for the system can be obtained. We prove that the approximation quality measured in Hausdorff distance can be guaranteed. The method is easy to implement and has low computational cost. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by experimental simulation.     

Orbit determination of BeiDou navigation satellite system maneuvered satellites based on instantaneous velocity pulses parameters

The BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) comprises geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites as well as inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) and medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites. Owing to their special orbital characteristics, GEO satellites require frequent orbital maneuvers to ensure that they operate in a specific orbital window. The availability of the entire system is affected during the maneuver period because service cannot be provided before the ephemeris is restored. In this study, based on the conventional dynamic orbit determination method for navigation satellites, multiple sets of instantaneous velocity pulses parameters which belong to one of pseudo-stochastic parameters were used to simulate the orbital maneuver process in the orbital maneuver arc and establish the observed and predicted orbits of the maneuvered and non-maneuvered satellites of BeiDou regional navigation satellite system (BDS-2) and BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3). Finally, the single point positioning (SPP) technology was used to verify the accuracy of the observed and predicted orbits. The orbit determination accuracy of maneuvered satellites can be greatly improved by using the orbit determination method proposed in this paper. The overlapping orbit determination accuracy of maneuvered GEO satellites of BDS-2 and BDS-3 can improve 2–3 orders of magnitude. Among them, the radial orbit determination accuracy of each maneuvered satellite is basically better than 1 m. simultaneously, the combined orbit determination of the maneuvered and non-maneuvered satellites does not have a great impact on the orbit determination accuracy of the non-maneuvered satellites. Compared with the multi GNSS products (indicated by GBM) from the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), the impact of adding the maneuvered satellites on the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-2 satellites is less than 9 %. Furthermore, the orbital recovery time and the service availability period are significantly improved. When the node of the predicted orbit is traversed approximately 3 h after the maneuver, the accuracy of the predicted orbit of the maneuvered satellite can reach that of the observed orbit. The SPP results for the BDS reached a normal level when the node of the predicted orbit was 2 h after the maneuver.