考虑J_2摄动作用的异面椭圆轨道双冲量交会轨道修正方法

重点研究了地球扁率J2摄动作用对固定时间双冲量异面椭圆轨道交会运动的影响以及相应的轨道修正方法.根据摄动理论,利用Eneke法计算了J2摄动作用引起的实际飞行轨迹与理论标称轨迹之间的位置偏差.在此基础上,提出了通过修正预定的交会位置来修正转移轨道偏差的控制方法.通过仿真计算,对修正前后的位置偏差进行了仿真分析,结果表明,文中提出的轨道修正方法能够有效地减小摄动作用引起的制导误差,且方法简洁、易于实现.     

MDO approach for early design of aerobraking orbital transfer vehicles

This paper presents a new multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) methodology for preliminary design of an aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicle (AOTV) performing a two-way transfer between a low-Earth “parking” orbit and a high-energy orbit. This work has been performed in the frame of Onera's CENTOR [N. Bérend, C. Jolly, F. Jouhaud, D. Lazaro, Y. Mauriot, C. Monjaret, J.M. Moschetta, M. Parlier, J.L. Pastre, Y. Servouze, J.L. Vérant, Project CENTOR: Preparing the design of future orbital transfer vehicles; IAC-07-D.2.3.07, in: 58th International Astronautical Congress, 24–28/09/2007, Hyderabad, India] project whose objective is to prepare tools and methodology for studying and designing future space transportation systems for new kinds of missions such as on-orbit servicing (OOS), payload ferrying, or in-situ observation of space-debris. Using simplified models and an appropriate low-dimension formulation for the optimization problem the method makes possible to obtain rapidly and easily a global view of the trade-off between the payload mass and the total mass. It also makes possible to discuss the feasibility of the vehicle with regard to different multidisciplinary constraints and technology hypotheses for the heat shield. This approach is illustrated by eight different AOTV design studies, considering two different missions (LEO–MEO and LEO–GEO), two different propulsion technologies (LOX-LH2 and LOX-CH4) and two different thermal protection system (TPS) characteristics. In each case, we discuss the feasibility and characteristics of the lightest vehicle carrying a prescribed 100 kg payload, and, conversely, a heavy vehicle with a prescribed 18 ton total mass, carrying the heaviest possible payload.     

固体推进剂的变角剪切力学试验研究

利用改进的Arcan夹具对HTPB固体推进剂在0°～90°之间的10个角度进行了剪切试验,研究了固体推进剂在不同剪切角度下的应力应变关系.结果表明,随着加载角度的减小,拉伸作用逐渐被剪切作用取代,导致拉断应力、拉伸曲线斜率、断裂应变的减小;当拉伸角度为0°时,蝶形试件完全承受剪切作用,推进荆的剪切模量可通过对此时的数据进行相应转化得出.     

Experimental Study of Bowed-twisted Stators in an Axial Transonic Fan Stage

Bowed-twisted stators with large camber angles have been developed to replace the conventional tandem stators in an axial transonic fan stage working at high subsonic speeds. Experimental study is carried out on both stages with tandem stators and with bowed-twisted stators. Compared to the tandem stators, the bowed-twisted stators change the distribution of the low-energy fluid and the potential high-energy fluid at the compressor outlets, reduce the endwall loss significantly, improve the aerodynamic matching of rotors and stators, and eventually increase the fan stage performances. The aerodynamic performances of the fan stage at different operating points are compared and contrasted. The results show that the transonic fan stage with bowed-twisted stators has better aerodynamic performances. It is thus suggested that the bowed-twisted stators with large camber angles be popularized into the high-loaded transonic fan designs.     

Isothermal study of effusion cooling flows using a large eddy simulation approach

An isothermal numerical study of effusion cooling flow is conducted using a large eddy simulation(LES) approach.Two main types of cooling are considered,namely tangential film cooling and oblique patch effusion cooling.To represent tangential film cooling,a simplified model of a plane turbulent wall jet along a flat plate in quiescent surrounding fluid is considered.In contrast to a classic turbulent boundary layer flow,the plane turbulent wall jet possesses an outer free shear flow region,an inner near wall region and an interaction region,characterised by substantial levels of turbulent shear stress transport.These shear stress characteristics hold significant implications for RANS modelling,implications that also apply to more complex tangential film cooling flows with non-zero free stream velocities.The LES technique used in the current study provides a satisfactory overall prediction of the plane turbulent wall jet flow,including the initial transition region,and the characteristic separation of the zero turbulent shear stress and zero shear strain locations.Oblique effusion patch cooling is modelled using a staggered array of 12 rows of effusion holes,drilled at 30° to the flat plate surface.The effusion holes connect two channels separated by the flat plate.Specifically,these comprise of a channel representing the combustion chamber flow and a cooling air supply channel.A difference in pressure between the two channels forces air from the cooling supply side,through the effusion holes,and into the combustion chamber side.Air from successive effusion rows coalesces to form an aerodynamic film between the combustion chamber main flow and the flat plate.In practical applications,this film is used to separate the hot combustion gases from the combustion chamber liner.The numerical model is shown to be capable of accurately predicting the injection,penetration,downstream decay,and coalescence of the effusion jets.In addition,the numerical model captures entrainment of the combustion chamber mainstream flow towards the wall by the presence of the effusion jets.Two contra-rotating vortices,with axes of rotation along the stream-wise direction,are predicted as a result of this entrainment.The presence and characteristics of these vortices are in good agreement with previous published research.      

串列多支柱主起落架布局飞机的起飞载荷研究

大型军用运输机、民航客机广泛采用可视为前三点式(前起落架组、左主起落架组、右主起落架组)的多支柱起落架布局方案.通常,此类飞机的最大起飞质量高达数百吨,起飞滑跑速度也较大,因此,起飞情况是起落架强度设计的重点.本文基于前三点式起落架计算理论,以及对An-124、An-225飞机起落架设计方案的研究,提出一类串列多支柱多轮主起落架的起飞情况地面载荷算法.     

W型无尾飞机横航向多变量鲁棒控制设计

以基于前掠翼布局及翼身融合一体化技术设计的W型无尾飞机为被控对象,采用线性二次型高斯/回路传输恢复LQG/LTR(Linear Quadratic Gaussian with Loop Transfer Recovery)多变量鲁棒控制方法完成了飞机横航向控制设计.该方法解决了由于该特殊构型导致的本体不稳定,以及运动模型的不确定性、随机干扰下控制系统可能出现的不稳定和控制精度不够的问题.系统仿真结果表明,控制系统实现了横航向指令的精确跟踪,不但具有良好的鲁棒性,而且调节性能良好,满足W型无尾飞机横航向控制设计的要求.      

前缘高频振动对亚声速开式空腔内强噪声影响的数值研究

空腔流动现象广泛存在于各类航空飞行器中,对其包含的多种复杂物理现象的研究具有十分重要的工程及实际意义。采用大涡模拟方法对开式空腔噪声进行数值仿真,并研究了腔体前缘壁面施加高频振动后对腔体内部纯音噪声及模态的影响。研究发现随着壁面振动频率的提高,腔体内部的纯音噪声峰值逐渐降低,当腔体前缘壁面振动频率达到4000 Hz时,腔体内部1阶与2阶模态的纯音噪声峰值分别降低15 dB和17 dB。因此在腔体前缘壁面施加高频振动能显著地降低腔体内部的纯音噪声,为扩展开式空腔的工程应用奠定了良好的理论基础。     

多点集中力下高超进气道弹性变几何研究

针对二元高超声速进气道需在宽马赫数Ma为4.5～6.0的范围内工作的要求,探索了一种在多点集中力作用下进气道曲面压缩面弹性可调的变几何方案.通过数值计算,首先对集中力数目的选取进行了研究,发现3个集中力对型面变形更为有效;然后对在3个集中力作用下产生变形的进气道进行了流固耦合分析,结果表明变形型面的静压分布与理想型面的静压分布基本吻合;对其性能进行分析,结果表明:Ma为6.0设计的进气道,变形后在Ma为4.5,5.0流量系数分别达到0.98和1.00,且出口总压恢复系数与未变形的进气道相比基本保持不变.由此说明,多点集中力下弹性可调的变几何方案是可行的,并有助于提高非设计点下进气道的性能.      

径向直叶片燃油汽心泵汽心形态数值模拟

为获得燃油汽心泵内气态区域的形成过程及形态的变化规律,基于renormalization group(RNG) k-ε双方程湍流模型与Schnerr-Sauer空化相变模型,对径向直叶片燃油汽心泵进行了整体三维建模与气液两相定常数值模拟,分析转速、进口节流活门开度、出口压力等因素对燃油汽心泵内气态区域的影响.结果表明:一定转速范围内气态区域随转速增加而扩大;转速不变时出口压力增加会使气态区域范围减小;气态区域扩张至极限位置即叶轮直径外,燃油汽心泵进入不稳定工况.RNG k-ε双方程湍流模型和与Schnerr-Sauer空化相变模型适用于燃油汽心泵汽心形态的数值模拟.