基于遥感的汶川震区水体快速提取

＂5.12＂汶川8.0级地震后发生大量滑坡、泥石流,河流部分阻断,形成一系列堰塞湖,急需快速提取水体信息,为救援提供重要依据。本文以震后北川县城为例,利用LBV变换与NDVI（归一化植被指数）图像结合模型对研究区水体进行提取,对＂福卫二号＂影像进行LBV变换,确定B阈值,并提取NDVI指数,两者求交集得到水体影像。该模型理论依据充分可靠,计算机容易实现,具有较高的准确度,可以将水体与低密度覆盖的水植混合体区分开,提取结果符合实际情况,提取速度快,完全能满足灾害背景参数8h内提取的要求。     

卫星接收系统抗干扰的卷积盲分离算法

提出一种新的卷积混合盲分离算法,并把该算法应用到卫星通信抗干扰中,将通信信号和干扰信号分离开,以实现抗干扰的目的。该算法使用基于初等反射矩阵的高阶累积量联合对角化法来分离卷积混合的卫星通信信号和干扰信号。计算机仿真表明,在噪声环境下,信噪比大于10dB时该算法有较好的分离效果,信噪比小于10dB时分离性能有所下降,但基本也能实现分离,且与其他文献中方法相比具有计算复杂度低、分离性能好的特点,因此更适宜用于卫星通信抗干扰。     

基于不变特征和映射抑制的航拍视频图像配准

针对航拍视频图像在光学变换和几何变换下特征匹配容易产生误匹配,以及匹配精度不一致等问题,提出一种结合不变特征和映射抑制的航拍视频配准算法。首先,利用Harris检测器在尺度变化下的局部区域内选择出最稳定角点,并利用分区检测方法提取出分布均匀的角点作为待配准点。然后,计算以特征点为中心邻域窗口的描述符,通过比较两幅待配准图像特征点邻域描述符的欧式距离,提取出初始匹配点对。对匹配对点集建立D-三角网图,利用映射抑制方法提取出精确度最高的少数匹配点,并对模型参数进行估计,完成视频帧间的配准。大量实验表明,所提方法对航拍视频图像配准具有较强的适应性且配准精度高。     

高精度紧缩场的机械精度检测与电性能验证

根据天线型面精度的确定依据,建立了以半光程差为最小量的型面精度计算模型,据此编写了天线面板测调程序,对高精度紧缩场的型面精度进行了检测,并采用自由拟合的方法对馈源进行了定位,通过机械精度检测,该紧缩场反射面型面静区精度达到 26 μm,机械精度达到理论和设计要求.最终的电气测试结果表明该紧缩场在26~110 GHz时具有优良的电气性能,验证了天线机械精度检测结果的正确性.该方法使机械装调效率显著提高,具有重要的工程应用价值.      

基于星载GPS的资源三号卫星精密定轨

资源三号卫星是我国首颗民用立体测图卫星,于2012年1月9日发射。卫星上配备有国产双频GPS接收机。利用非差双频GPS数据,基于卫星动力学原理和事后批处理定轨模式,采用30小时弧段（重叠弧长为 6小时） 对资源三号卫星进行了精密定轨,卫星位置重叠弧段精度平均为4.95cm。利用卫星激光测距（SLR）观测数据对星载GPS定轨结果进行了检核,检核精度优于4cm,无明显系统偏差。结果表明,该定轨精度完全能够满足资源三号卫星任务的要求。     

中长期轨道预报中大气阻力系数补偿算法的研究

利用地磁平静期的CHAMP卫星精密星历对多个弧段的大气阻力系数进行解算,找到了适用于轨道预报的最优系数,分析了最优阻力系数与地磁指数、迹向残差的关系,利用线性回归分析建立了大气阻力系数补偿算法。针对中长期轨道预报的需求,该算法能够降低定轨弧段较短条件下阻力系数的解算误差。将该补偿算法应用于不同时期CHAMP卫星和天宫一号的轨道预报,验证了该算法的正确性和普遍适用性,结果表明预报精度能够提高20%以上。     

航天器总装精度测量中一种不规则棱镜矢量计算方法

航天器总装精度测量一般是通过被测设备上安装的立方镜实现的。某型号上的一种设备受其在航天器上安装位置的限制,使用经纬仪和现有精度测量软件无法直接测得立方镜三个相互垂直平面法线在航天器坐标系下的角度。文章提出使用切角为135°不规则棱镜替代立方镜,并详细介绍了切角为135°不规则棱镜三个相互垂直平面法线在航天器坐标系下矢量的计算方法。该方法已经过验证和认可,并应用到后续型号的精度测量工作中。     

LEO navigation augmentation constellation design with the multi-objective optimization approaches

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite for navigation augmentation applications can significantly reduce the precise positioning convergence time and attract increasing attention recently. A few LEO Navigation Augmentation (LEO-NA) constellations have been proposed, while corresponding constellation design methodologies have not been systematically studied. The LEO-NA constellation generally consists of a huge number of LEO satellites and it strives for multiple optimization purposes. It is essentially different from the communication constellation or earth observing constellation design problem. In this study, we modeled the LEO-NA constellation design problem as a multi-objective optimization problem and solve this problem with the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm. Three objectives are used to strive for the best tradeoff between the augmentation performance and deployment efficiency, namely the Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP), visible LEO satellites and the orbit altitude. A fuzzy set approach is used to select the final constellation from a set of Pareto optimal solutions given by the MOPSO algorithm. To evaluate the performance of the optimized constellation, we tested two constellations with 144 and 288 satellites and each constellation has three optimization schemes: the polar constellation, the single-layer constellation and the two-layer constellation. The results indicate that the optimized two-layer constellation achieves the best global coverage and is followed by the single-layer constellation. The MOPSO algorithm can help to improve the constellation design and is suitable for solving the LEO-NA constellation design problem.     

iGPS系统与经纬仪测量系统联合测量方法研究

iGPS测量系统凭借建站方便快捷、测量速度快等优势,已经在国内外航空航天制造等大型工业设备安装和检测领域有广泛的应用,而航天器测量任务中大量的立方镜准直测量工作则只能由经纬仪测量系统完成。由于经纬仪测量系统点坐标测量效率偏低,需要将iGPS系统测量点通过经纬仪系统转换到立方镜坐标系下,实现两种坐标测量系统的联合测量。基于上述需求,研究了两种系统的坐标系转换方法,提出了利用标定板实现转换的方法,分析了原理与转换过程,并通过实验验证了可靠性和精度。     

Modeling bending behavior of shape memory alloy wire-reinforced composites: Semi-analytical model and finite element analysis

In this study, we propose a novel and simple exact semi-analytical model for superelastic Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wire reinforced composites subjected to bending loads. In order to study the mechanical response of the composite during loading/unloading, a Representative Volume Element (RVE) is extracted to examine the bending response of the composite. Analytical moment–curvature, and shear force-shear strain relations are derived based on a 3-Dimensional (3D) thermomechanical SMA model and Timoshenko beam theory. The composite Simpson’s rule is adopted to numerically solve the exact analytical moment–curvature and shear force-shear strain relationships. Results including the moment–curvature response, axial stress distribution along the vertical and longitudinal directions, martensite volume fraction, and the tip deflection are reported and validated against 3D finite element simulations. The influence of temperature, martensite volume fraction distribution, and matrix stiffness on the mechanical performance of the composite is also investigated. In particular, the composite is found to behave superelastically under certain conditions of temperature, SMA volume fraction, and elastic stiffness of the matrix. Such behavior is advantageous in applications requiring large recoverable strains or high energy dissipation density.