非线性系统的可控正则型和状态变换的求法

Zeitz引入了非线性控制系统的可控正则型,证明了由可控正则型描述的非线性系统是可控的,本文进一步给出了非线性系统正则化的条件和状态变换的算法,从而解决了通过状态变换证明非线性系统的可控性。     

无动力自动着陆轨道的鲁棒性分析

文中定义了能量梯度的概念,作为评价能量积累和消耗能力的指标。针对跨大气层飞行器对象特性的特点,重点讨论了气动参数的不确定性存在时的着陆点性能、整个下滑轨道容许的气动参数的不确定性范围和对初始动压的抑制能力,结果表明下滑轨道具有较好的鲁棒性。     

多级航天器在有限推力情况下的最优变轨问题探讨

与航天运载器类似,航天器也可以有单级与多级之分。一个多级航天器是由几个具有动力装置的航天器经串联而成的组合体。本文研究这类航天器的最优变轨问题。多级航天器在有限推力情况下的最优变轨问题,实质上属于多级最优控制问题。本文应用多级最优控制问题的求解原理,讨论有限推力情况下,两级航天器在两共面圆轨道之间的两类最优转移问题,给出了确定最优推力程序和最优转移轨迹的定解方程和定解条件,特别考察了级间分离时刻应满足的条件。本文给出的原理同样适用于非圆形、非共面轨道之间的最优转移问题。     

红外热波成像法测量薄板局部换热系数

通过连续激光调制对薄板试样进行局部周期加热，采用红外扫描测温技术记录动态温度分布。利用博里叶变换分析温度基波相位和幅值变化，进而推算壁面的局部换热系数。介绍了该方法的测量原理，在风洞中对两种不同厚度的薄板进行了实验研究，并对实验结果进行了分析和讨论。     

升交点赤经与轨道倾角对地球同步卫星地影的影响

为精确预报地球同步卫星地影，根据其发生原理用仿真分析法研究了升交点赤经和轨道倾角两个因素对地影的影响，给出了地影延续时间和最长日期变化等天数曲线。在实际的同步卫星长期管理中运用这些规律，取得了良好的效果。     

Galileo real-time orbit determination with multi-frequency raw observations

Real-time GNSS-based applications require corresponding real-time orbit products. While traditional GNSS orbits are generated with the dual-frequency IF (Ionosphere-Free) model, the increase of multi-frequency signal satellites brings new challenges for the data processing. Therefore, real-time orbit determination with the multi-frequency UC (Uncombined) model is introduced in this study considering its flexibility. With the derived mathematical model conforming to IGS (International GNSS Service) dual-frequency clock definition and one-week triple-frequency Galileo observation data from 90 IGS network stations, the convergence and accuracy of real-time orbits is assessed and the characteristics of satellite IFCB (Inter-Frequency Clock Bias) are analyzed. Results indicate that the model differences, including dual-frequency IF model, dual-frequency UC model and triple-frequency UC model, contribute to only cm-level differences with CODE (Center for Orbit Determination in Europe) final orbits after a convergence time of around 12 h. The constellation-mean RMS (Root Mean Square) differences of the converged real-time orbits with the CODE final orbits reaches about 5.0 cm, 7.0 cm and 5.0 cm for the radial, tangential and normal directions. The convergence of satellite IFCB is much faster than that of satellite orbit, which reflects a loose correlation between these two parameters. While the Galileo satellite IFCB are temporally stable, the modeling of satellite IFCB may be unreliable when over constrained and becomes even more unstable with commonly encountered datum changes. In summary, real-time GNSS orbit determination with multi-frequency raw observations is feasible and extendable with proper treatment of IFCB.     

基于非线性逆变换的控制选择器设计

提出一种非线性逆变换控制选择器的设计方法，并成功地应用于先进短距起飞／垂直着陆（ＡＳ－ＴＯＶＬ）技术的战斗机控制系统。该方法基于非线性逆变换原理，对飞机进行多气幼舵面和多推力矢量舵面的融合控制，合理地分配飞机上的力和力矩，克服了传统设计方法的不足，使设计简单化。最后通过ＡＳＴＯＶＬ飞机减速过渡的仿真计算与分析，证明了所设计的控制选择器，能够使飞机在低速飞行包线内具有良好的飞行品质。     

基于Δ-Υ等效变换的SGCMG高速转子轴向振动特性分析及验证

悬臂式单框架控制力矩陀螺（SGCMG）的轴向振动较为剧烈,频率成分也比较复杂;由于这种SGCMG结构是由众多串、并联,甚至桥联的弹性构件组成的,因此难以建立其精确的轴向动力学模型.首先通过Δ-Υ等效变换的方法,简化了高速转子的轴向串并联关系,进而计算出其轴向刚度;其次详细分析了系统激振源——预紧轴承各零部件的加工波纹所导致的预紧力的波动,并采用相互调幅的形式描述了该波动量;然后建立了高速转子的轴向动力学方程;最后通过数值仿真和实测结果的对比验证了分析的合理性和模型的有效性.     

新四六级考试和大学英语教学的改革

通过考前辅导和对考试结果的研究分析，发现学生在听读写几个方面都存在普遍性的问题，使我们教师不得不反思我们目前的大学英语课堂教学，并痛下决心，锐意改革，使我们的教学符合时代和社会的要求，提高学生的英语实际综合应用能力，更好地为社会服务。     

ESA’s process for the identification and assessment of high-risk conjunction events

ESA’s Space Debris Office provides an operational service for the assessment of collision risks of ESA satellites. Currently, the ENVISAT and ERS-2 missions in low Earth orbits are covered by this service. If an upcoming high-risk conjunction event is predicted based on analysis of Two-Line Element (TLE) data from the US Space Surveillance Network, then independent tracking data of the potential high-risk conjunction object are acquired to improve the knowledge of its orbit. This improved knowledge and the associated small error covariances derived from the orbit determination process scale down the position error ellipsoid at the conjunction epoch. Hence, for the same miss-distance, in most cases an avoidance manoeuvre can be suppressed with an acceptable residual risk.