太阳同步(准)回归轨道卫星的轨道保持方法研究

文中使用解析方法对太阳同步 (准 )回归轨道卫星动力学特性进行了研究 ,分析了非球摄动、大气阻力摄动和太阳引力谐振等主要摄动因素对太阳同步 (准 )回归轨道卫星的影响 ,并以此为依据对太阳同步 (准 )回归轨道卫星的轨道保持方法进行了探讨。定量分析结果表明 ,该方法切实可行 ,可以为轨道设计和轨道控制研究工作提供参考。     

海洋监视卫星无源被动定位精度分析

分析了利用三星编队卫星对海上目标进行无源侦察、监视的原理,建立了利用时差定位法进行定位的精度模型,在此基础上推导了卫星对目标的定位精度与卫星编队构型、轨道高度、与目标的相对位置及卫星定轨精度和测量误差的关系。对模型进行了仿真计算和分析,仿真结果表明:合理增加卫星间的基线长度,保持卫星编队构型及其与目标间相对位置的均匀性可以有效提高卫星对目标的定位精度。     

弱测量数据下的关机时间估计及其精度分析

通过分析关机后无助推的飞行器落点预报的问题,可以知道落点的精度取决于关机点处的轨道参数,即时间、速度和位置的准确程度,其中关机时间是影响落点精度的主要因素。文章主要研究了在测量数据不完整或缺少的情况下对关机时间的估计问题,并对其精度作了分析,并给出了仿真结果。     

Orbit insertion error analysis for a space-based gravitational wave observatory

Constellation is required to be highly stable over several years for a space-based gravitational wave observatory. However, the stability of the constellation can be affected by orbit insertion errors. The effects of orbit insertion errors on the constellation are mainly studied in this paper. Firstly, Monte-Carlo, Unscented Transformation Covariance Analysis Method (UTCAM) and Spherical Simplex Unscented Transformation Covariance Analysis Method (SSUTCAM) are used for simulation. The results indicate that UTCAM and SSUTCAM are highly efficient in calculating, with a relative error of less than 6%. Therefore, it is concluded that because of their accuracy and high efficiency, UTCAM and SSUTCAM can be adequately used in orbit insertion error analysis for a space-based gravitational wave observatory. Secondly, SSUTCAM is used to study the effects of position and velocity errors on the constellation. For the case in this paper, when the position error does not exceed 300 km, and the velocity error does not exceed 4 cm/s, the constellation remains stable.     

Analysis of the orbit lifetime of CubeSats in low Earth orbits including periodic variation in drag due to attitude motion

It is estimated that more than 22,300 human-made objects are in orbit around the Earth, with a total mass above 8,400,000 kg. Around 89% of these objects are non-operational and without control, which makes them to be considered orbital debris. These numbers consider only objects with dimensions larger than 10 cm. Besides those numbers, there are also about 2000 operational satellites in orbit nowadays. The space debris represents a hazard to operational satellites and to the space operations. A major concern is that this number is growing, due to new launches and particles generated by collisions. Another important point is that the development of CubeSats has increased exponentially in the last years, increasing the number of objects in space, mainly in the Low Earth Orbits (LEO). Due to the short operational time, CubeSats boost the debris population. One of the requirements for space debris mitigation in LEO is the limitation of the orbital lifetime of the satellites, which needs to be lower than 25 years. However, there are space debris with longer estimated decay time. In LEÓs, the influence of the atmospheric drag is the main orbital perturbation, and is used in maneuvers to increment the losses in the satellite orbital energy, to locate satellites in constellations and to accelerate the decay.The goal of the present research is to study the influence of aerodynamic rotational maneuver in the CubeSat?s orbital lifetime. The rotational axis is orthogonal to the orbital plane of the CubeSat, which generates variations in the ballistic coefficient along the trajectory. The maneuver is proposed to accelerate the decay and to mitigate orbital debris generated by non-operational CubeSats. The panel method is selected to determine the drag coefficient as a function of the flow incident angle and the spinning rate. The pressure distribution is integrated from the satellite faces at hypersonic rarefied flow to calculate the drag coefficient. The mathematical model considers the gravitational potential of the Earth and the deceleration due to drag. To analyze the effects of the rotation during the decay, multiple trajectories were propagated, comparing the results obtained assuming a constant drag coefficient with trajectories where the drag coefficient changes periodically. The initial perigees selected were lower than 400 km of altitude with eccentricities ranging from 0.00 to 0.02. Six values for the angular velocity were applied in the maneuver. The technique of rotating the spacecraft is an interesting solution to increase the orbit decay of a CubeSat without implementing additional de-orbit devices. Significant changes in the decay time are presented due to the increase of the mean drag coefficient calculated by the panel method, when the maneuver is applied, reducing the orbital lifetime, however the results are independent of the angular velocity of the satellite.     

基于RO-NUIO/LMI的挠性卫星轨控期间姿控系统故障诊断

卫星轨控期间,由于推力偏心,会产生较大的干扰力矩,直接影响卫星姿态。针对轨道控制期间的挠性卫星姿态控制系统,设计了干扰解耦的降阶非线性未知输入观测器(RO-NUIO),用于故障检测与故障隔离。在设计过程中,首先通过坐标变换,使得不可观的状态及部分可观状态不受干扰影响,然后针对不可观的子系统利用可观状态的信息设计观测器,观测器中的部分参数利用LMI方法获得,可以弱化非线性部分对观测器的影响。所设计观测器的存在条件仅依赖于系统本身特性,无需在线验证。观测器采用降阶设计,同时借助LMI思想,结构简单,适合于非线性卫星姿态控制系统。仿真结果验证了降阶非线性未知输入观测器实现卫星姿态控制故障诊断的可行性与有效性。     

Improved orbit predictions using two-line elements

The density of orbital space debris constitutes an increasing environmental challenge. There are two ways to alleviate the problem: debris mitigation and debris removal. This paper addresses collision avoidance, a key aspect of debris mitigation. We describe a method that contributes to achieving a requisite increase in orbit prediction accuracy for objects in the publicly available two-line element (TLE) catalog. Batch least-squares differential correction is applied to the TLEs. Using a high-precision numerical propagator, we fit an orbit to state vectors derived from successive TLEs. We then propagate the fitted orbit further forward in time. These predictions are validated against precision ephemeris data derived from the international laser ranging service (ILRS) for several satellites, including objects in the congested sun-synchronous orbital region. The method leads to a predicted range error that increases at a typical rate of 100 m per day, approximately a 10-fold improvement over individual TLE’s propagated with their associated analytic propagator (SGP4). Corresponding improvements for debris trajectories could potentially provide conjunction analysis sufficiently accurate for an operationally viable collision avoidance system based on TLEs only.     

基于动量轮转速标定的轨道控制方法研究

某地球同步三轴卫星因故障导致推力器工作效率不稳定,使得采用原有方案进行向西轨道控制时姿态变化大,控制准确度降低.针对上述问题,通过分析卫星用于姿态控制的偏置动量轮的控制规律,利用星体角动量守恒条件,建立了偏置动量轮转速变化与轨道半长轴变化之间的相关性数学模型,提出了一种改进的基于偏置动量轮转速标定的轨道控制方法,同时结合姿态的稳定变化制定了轨道控制实施方案,并将其应用于实际卫星轨道控制中,取得了良好的控制效果.改进的控制方法提高了轨道控制的准确率,使得半长轴误差幅度由最大60％提高到0.2％左右,增加了姿态的稳定性,使得俯仰姿态变化幅度由最大0.7°减小到0.2°左右,降低了控制风险,减轻了地面控制人员的负担.     

改进的卫星广播星历参数模型及其算法

考虑导航卫星受地球周期性的摄动力影响,提出了一种改进的导航卫星星历参数模型,给出了模型参数的计算方法和用该模型外推卫星轨道的计算步骤。仿真计算结果表明：该广播星历参数模型外推能力强,可较好地拟合卫星运动轨道。     

Bayesian linking of geosynchronous orbital debris tracks as seen by the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope

We describe a Bayesian sampling model for linking and constraining orbit models from angular observations of “streaks” in optical telescope images. Our algorithm is particularly suited to situations where the observation times are small fractions of the orbital periods of the observed objects or when there is significant confusion of objects in the observation field. We use Markov Chain Monte Carlo to sample from the joint posterior distribution of the parameters of multiple orbit models (up to the number of observed tracks) and parameters describing which tracks are linked with which orbit models. Using this algorithm, we forecast the constraints on geosynchronous (GEO) debris orbits achievable with the planned Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). Because of the short 15 s exposure times, preliminary orbit determinations of GEO objects from LSST will have large and degenerate errors on the orbital elements. Combined with the expected crowded fields of GEO debris it will be challenging to reliably link orbital tracks in LSST observations given the currently planned observing cadence.