基于大气阻力实时辨识的Drag-free卫星最优控制研究

研究了基于大气阻力实时辨识的Drag-free卫星最优控制。将Drag-free卫星和其内部的验证质量等效为两颗内、外编队卫星并建立动力学方程,推导了基于卫星和验证质量的相对运动状态观测值反演大气阻力的算法。建立了状态最优调节器模型,采用动态规划求解经典的二次型最优控制。对低轨圆轨道Drag-free卫星的仿真计算结果表明方法的求解精度较高,计算消耗较小。     

卫星星座整网轨道确定分析与仿真

编队飞行的卫星或卫星星座对轨道确定自主性和精度提出了较高要求。针对这个问题,通过建立星座的轨道动力学模型和星间观测的测量模型,将星座中的星间观测数据和地面观测数据融合起来,将待估的卫星轨道参数和部分动力学参数进行适当的分类,研究卫星星座整网轨道确定的新方法,并在理论上分析了整网定轨方法能提高定轨精度的原因;最后采用自主开发的卫星星座整网轨道确定软件进行了仿真计算。计算表明,该方法能有效地减少对地面站的依赖,并较大幅度提高定轨时卫星绝对位置和相对位置精度。
     

小卫星编队绕飞构型运动学设计与分析研究

基于运动学的相对运动数学模型,利用物理意义更明确的绕飞方程进行了小卫星绕飞轨道的设计.根据绕飞轨道方程,重点分析了4类常用的绕飞编队构型:同绕飞轨道编队、同面同绕飞中心编队、异面同绕飞中心编队和多绕飞中心编队,总结分析了各种编队轨道设计的约束条件,获得了一般规律性结论.最后通过仿真验证了所提出的绕飞编队轨道设计方法和结论的正确性.     

基于TDRSS的低轨卫星定轨方法研究

利用跟踪与数据中继卫星系统（TDRSS）组成天基测控系统对低轨卫星进行轨道确定，并讨论了低轨卫星在TDRSS系统覆盖区域的时间段，以改进的Gauss-Newton算法为基础，设计了非线性迭代的微分轨道改进算法，有效抑制了算法截断误差。仿真实验证明基于TDRSS的测控技术可显著提高测控覆盖率，减少地面测控站压力，有效确定低轨卫星轨道，定轨位置误差小于20m，速度误差小于0．01m／s，能满足一般低轨卫星的定轨精度要求。     

基于预测零控脱靶量的拦截器中制导段导引

针对三维空间内的高速飞行目标,提出了一种基于预测零控脱靶量的中制导段导引方法。建立了拦截器与目标的相对运动关系模型,分析了确定修正轨道的约束条件,并在此基础上推导出修正轨道根数的计算方法。同时根据待增速度给出了推力定向和推力发动机工作时长的确定方法。仿真结果表明,该方法能有效实现拦截器中制导段的制导控制。     

高能电子对地球同步轨道卫星的影响分析

为了厘清在轨GEO(Geosynchronous Earth Orbit,地球同步轨道)卫星不时出现异常的原因,提高卫星执行任务的可靠性,首先从机理上介绍了空间环境中的地球辐射带及高能电子的情况,引出GEO卫星所处恶劣空间环境的现实;其次基于我国SEPC(Space Environment Prediction Center,国家空间环境预报中心)以及NSMC(National Satellite Meteorological Center,国家卫星气象中心)的空间环境月报资料,结合某GEO环境业务卫星故障的实际数据,经统计归纳,分析得出了地球辐射带中的高能电子是导致GEO卫星发生故障的主要原因;最后按照事例技术分析、常规按需预报和特殊情况下的实时预报等3个层次对高能电子预报方法进行了初步探讨。通过分析可以看出,为提高卫星完成任务的可靠性、降低长期管理风险,需要加强GEO卫星所处空间环境高能电子的预报工作。     

单点定位与实时定轨的星载算法的比较研究

卫星单点定位方法和卫星定轨方法均采用GPS接收机测量得到的伪距和伪距率作为原始观测量。前者依据几何学原理,采用最小二乘法对单个历元的原始观测量进行处理,解算出卫星的位置和速度;而后者依据轨道动力学理论,采用卡尔曼滤波方法通过连续的原始观测量对滤波器状态量的修正使定轨结果收敛。通过比较,星载定轨方法能够明显改善定位测速的精度和数据的稳定性,其外推功能可以有效避免观测量短时间中断对定轨结果连续性的影响。我们已经将实时定轨算法应用到星载型号任务的工程中,并取得了较好的结果。     

The International DORIS Service (IDS): Toward maturity

DORIS is one of the four space-geodetic techniques participating in the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS), particularly to maintain and disseminate the Terrestrial Reference Frame as determined by International Earth rotation and Reference frame Service (IERS). A few years ago, under the umbrella of the International Association of Geodesy, a DORIS International Service (IDS) was created in order to foster international cooperation and to provide new scientific products. This paper addresses the organizational aspects of the IDS and presents some recent DORIS scientific results. It is for the first time that, in preparation of the ITRF2008, seven Analysis Centers (AC’s) contributed to derive long-term time series of DORIS stations positions. These solutions were then combined into a homogeneous time series IDS-2 for which a precision of less than 10 mm was obtained. Orbit comparisons between the various AC’s showed an excellent agreement in the radial component, both for the SPOT satellites (e.g. 0.5–2.1 cm RMS for SPOT-2) and Envisat (0.9–2.1 cm RMS), using different software packages, models, corrections and analysis strategies. There is now a wide international participation within IDS that should lead to future improvements in DORIS analysis strategies and DORIS-derived geodetic products.     

DORIS processing at the European Space Operations Centre

This paper gives an overview of the DORIS related activities at the Navigation Support Office of the European Space Operations Centre. The DORIS activities were started in 2002 because of the launch of the Envisat satellite where ESOC is responsible for the validation of the Envisat Precise Orbits and a brief overview of the key Envisat activities at ESOC is given. Typical orbit comparison RMS values between the CNES POE (GDR-C) and the ESOC POD solution is 6.5, 18.8 and 23.1 mm in radial-, along- and cross-track direction. In the framework of the generation of the ITRF2008 ESOC participated in the reprocessing of all three space geodetic techniques; DORIS, SLR, and GPS. Here the main results of our DORIS reprocessing, in the framework of the International DORIS Service (IDS), are given. The WRMS of the weekly ESOC solution (esawd03) for the 2004–2009 period compared to the IDS-1 combined solution is of the order of 12 mm. Based on the long time series of homogeneously processed data a closer look is taken at the estimated solar radiation pressure parameters of the different satellites used in this DORIS analysis. The main aim being the stabilization of the Z-component of the geocentre estimates. We conclude that the ESOC participation to the IDS ITRF2008 contribution has been beneficial for both ESOC and the IDS. ESOC has profited significantly from the very open and direct communications and comparisons that took place within the IDS during the reprocessing campaign.     

Determination of station positions and velocities from laser ranging observations to Ajisai,Starlette and Stella satellites

The positions and velocities of the four Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations: Yarragadee (7090), Greenbelt (7105), Graz (7839) and Herstmonceux (7840) from 5-year (2001–2005) SLR data of low orbiting satellites (LEO): Ajisai, Starlette and Stella were determined. The orbits of these satellites were computed from the data provided by 20 SLR stations. All orbital computations were performed by means of NASA Goddard’s GEODYN-II program. The geocentric coordinates were transformed to the topocentric North–South, East–West and Vertical components in reference to ITRF2005. The influence of the number of normal points per orbital arc and the empirical acceleration coefficients on the quality of station coordinates was studied. To get standard deviation of the coordinates determination lower than 1 cm, the number of the normal points per site had to be greater than 50. The computed positions and velocities were compared to those derived from LAGEOS-1/LAGEOS-2 data. Three parameters were used for this comparison: station coordinates stability, differences from ITRF2005 positions and velocities. The stability of coordinates of LEO satellites is significantly worse (17.8 mm) than those of LAGEOS (7.6 mm), the better results are for Ajisai (15.4 mm) than for Starlette/Stella (20.4 mm). The difference in positions between the computed values and ITRF2005 were little bit worse for Starlette/Stella (6.6 mm) than for LAGEOS (4.6 mm), the results for Ajisai were five times worse (29.7 mm) probably due to center of mass correction of this satellite. The station velocities with some exceptions were on the same level (≈1 mm/year) for all satellites. The results presented in this work show that results from Starlette/Stella are better than those from Ajisai for station coordinates determination. We can applied the data from LEO satellites, especially Starlette and Stella for determination of the SLR station coordinates but with two times lower accuracy than when using LAGEOS data.