高超声速飞行器自适应神经网络容错控制

针对高超声速飞行器巡航段执行器控制效益损失故障和卡死故障问题,基于高超声速飞行器纵向运动模型,将自适应算法与改进的径向基函数神经网络(RBFNN)方法相结合,设计了一种自适应神经网络容错控制器。所提出的容错控制方法具有无需估计执行器故障值的优点,且设计的控制算法结构简单,无需大量实时计算,可以快速处理故障的发生,确保系统在参数不确定、恒定或时变执行器故障与卡死故障情况下仍具有稳定跟踪能力。最后,仿真验证了该方法的有效性。     

大型飞机迎角保护控制律设计及试飞技术研究

针对大型飞机迎角保护控制律设计及试飞问题,通过杆位移-过载梯度的实时精确调整及取大值逻辑指令切换,设计了迎角保护控制律,实现拉杆到底飞机迎角达到且不超过限制迎角的目的。根据迎角保护控制律的功能及试飞目的,将整个试飞过程分为三个阶段,研究了各个阶段的试飞技术。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制律能够实现迎角保护功能,具有良好的控制效果。     

基于纯比例导引的拦截碰撞角约束制导策略

拦截碰撞角约束制导是当前导弹制导研究的关键问题之一。首先基于理想比例导引（IPN）律拦截非机动目标的解析解,推导了纯比例导引律（PPN）拦截固定目标的解析解,得到了弹目相对距离、制导指令加速度和导弹前置角的显示表达式,并进一步得到了拦截碰撞角与弹目相对运动状态和比例导引系数之间的解析表达式。其次,基于该解析表达式,提出了基于PPN的拦截碰撞角约束制导策略（PPNIACG）,并探讨了在铅垂面内进行落角约束打击和水平面内进行拦截碰撞角约束打击的2种实现方式。最后,以弹道成型制导律（TSG）和最优碰撞角约束制导律（OIACG）为参考,通过数值仿真算例,对PPNIAC的拦截性能进行了对比分析,验证了所提出制导策略的有效性和正确性。     

三维自适应终端滑模协同制导律

针对多枚导弹协同作战的问题,且多枚导弹之间保持有向拓扑通信的条件下,基于终端滑模法设计了视线方向及视线法向的双层协同制导律。其中,视线方向的制导指令能够保证导弹同时完成拦截任务;视线法向上的三维制导律能够保证每枚导弹以期望的视线角攻击目标,从而发挥各枚导弹的最大杀伤力,并且视线角的约束相当于规划了末制导段导弹的弹道问题,在一定程度上避免攻击目标前导弹间发生碰撞。同时,针对所设计的滑模制导律设计了新的自适应律,从而加快了滑模面的收敛速度并且削弱了由符号函数引起的系统抖振现象。基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,证明了所设计制导律的正确性,并在最后给出了数学仿真实验,验证了所设计制导律的有效性及优越性。     

Advances in critical technologies for hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnel

Hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels and their measurement techniques are the cornerstone of the hypersonic flight era that is a dream for human beings to fly faster, higher and further. The great progress has been achieved during the recent years and their critical technologies are still in an urgent need for further development. There are at least four kinds of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels that are widely applied over the world and can be classified according to their operation modes. These wind tunnels are named as air-directly-heated hypersonic wind tunnel, light-gas-heated shock tunnel, free-piston-driven shock tunnel and detonation-driven shock tunnel, respectively. The critical technologies for developing the wind tunnels are introduced in this paper, and their merits and weakness are discussed based on wind tunnel performance evaluation. Measurement techniques especially developed for high-enthalpy flows are a part of the hypersonic wind tunnel technology because the flow is a chemically reacting gas motion and its diagnosis needs specially designed instruments. Three kinds of the measurement techniques considered to be of primary importance are introduced here, including the heat flux sensor, the aerodynamic balance, and optical diagnosis techniques. The techniques are developed usually for conventional wind tunnels, but further improved for hypersonic and high-enthalpy tunnels. The hypersonic ground test facilities have provided us with most of valuable experimental data on high-enthalpy flows and will play a more important role in hypersonic research area in the future. Therefore, several prospects for developing hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels are presented from our point of view.     

Optimization and verification of free flight separation similarity law in high-speed wind tunnel

Based on the similarity of separation time, a similarity law optimization method for high-speed weapon delivery test is derived. The typical separation state under wind load is simulated by the numerical method. The real separation data of aircraft, separation data of previous test methods, separation data of ideal wind tunnel test of previous methods, and simulation data of the proposed optimization method are obtained. A comparison of the data shows that the method proposed can improve the performance of tracking. Similarity law optimization starts with the development of motion equations and dynamic equations in the windless state to address the problems of mismatching between vertical and horizontal displacement, and to address the problems of separation trajectory distortion caused by insufficient gravity acceleration of the scaling model of existing light model. The ejection velocity of the model is taken as a factor/vector, and is adjusted reasonably to compensate the linear displacement insufficiency caused by the insufficient vertical acceleration of the light model method, so as to ensure the matching of the vertical and horizontal displacement of the projectile, and to improve the consistency between the test results of high-speed projection and the actual separation trajectory. The optimized similarity law is applicable to many existing free-throwing modes of high-speed wind tunnels. The optimized similarity law is not affected by the ejection velocity and hanging mode of the projectile. The optimized similarity law is suitable not only for the launching of the buried ammunition compartment and external stores, but also for the test design of projectile launching and gravity separation.     

无人机系统的安全性与危险源分析

无人机系统的战术性能及优势将使其在未来高技术战争和民用航空中发挥越来越重要的作用。然 而,由于有人机与无人机飞行事故的特点不同,使得有人机的安全性分析与管理措施不完全适用于无人机系 统。首先,对无人机系统的飞行事故进行统计分析,得出无人机系统事故的特点;然后,合理借鉴有人机的安全 性分析,定义无人机系统的安全性,提出无人机系统事故的严酷度等级划分及相应的危险可接受度;最后,从设 计、机组训练及使用操作三方面进行危险源分析。本文提出的无人机系统不安全事件发生可能性等级划分和 危险源定性分析,可为后续无人机安全管理框架的构建奠定基础。     

基于分数阶微积分理论的最优导引律设计

随着技术的发展及战场环境的日益复杂化,拦截机动目标的需求越来越大。然而传统制导律在拦截机动目标时存在制导精度差、末端过载突变的问题,故提出了一种基于分数阶微积分理论的最优导引律。首先,介绍了分数阶微积分的定义、性质及其数字实现方法;然后,分析了弹目相对运动关系,通过分数阶变阶次建模和最优控制理论推导出了分数阶导引律;最后,仿真结果表明：与传统比例导引法相比,所设计的分数阶最优导引律能够保持比例导引法良好的追踪性能且拦截时间能够缩短2s,末端过载值趋近于0。该方法解决了传统比例导引法在末端由视线角速率发散而导致的末端过载突变问题。     

关于非法科院校学生法治理念的培养

法治理念是对法治的理性认识,是对良好法律秩序状态的精神追求。非法科院校法律教育应重在培养学生的法治理念。为此目的,有必要在法律训导和法律教学的基础上寻求培养方式的多样化。     

基于自适应容积粒子滤波的车辆状态估计

针对车辆状态估计中由模型的强非线性、噪声的非高斯分布等相关因素导致估计精度下降甚至发散的问题,本文提出了基于自适应容积粒子滤波(Adaptive cubature particle filter,ACPF)的车辆状态估计器。首先基于非稳态动态轮胎模型,构建高维度非线性八自由度车辆模型。其次利用自适应容积卡尔曼滤波(Adaptive cubature Kalman filter,ACKF)算法更新基本粒子滤波(Particle filter,PF)算法的重要性密度函数,以完成自适应容积粒子滤波算法设计。利用车载传感器信息,运用ACPF算法实现对车辆的侧倾角、质心侧偏角等关键状态变量高精度在线观测。搭建Simulink-Carsim联合仿真平台进行了算法的验证,结果表明该算法状态估计精度高于传统无迹粒子滤波(Unscented particle filter,UPF)算法,且算法运算效率高于UPF算法,而传统PF估计值发散。研究结果为实现车辆动力学精准控制提供了理论支持。