Zernike多项式在拟合光学表面面形中的应用及仿真

光学镜面在重力的作用下,会产生镜面变形,这种变形包括刚体位移和表面变形,将对光学系统的成像品质产生不同的影响。文章通过Matlab软件,对有限元分析后的数据进行处理,用Zernike多项式精确拟合变形后的镜面面形,并在Matlab中绘出镜面面形云图,最后计算出表面变形的表面变形均方根和表面变形最大值与最小值之差。实例计算表明,该方法能将镜面变形的刚体位移和表面变形分离,适合于光学自由曲面的镜面面形精度分析。     

利用光纤进行高精度时间传递

描述了一种利用光纤TV信道传递时间、频率的初步方案和光纤闭环TV信道时延的测定及用扩频副载波复用系统进行双向时间传递方法。     

耦合运动对星间激光链路瞄准过程影响及补偿方法研究

在星间激光链路的瞄准过程中,光通信终端与卫星平台的耦合运动是影响瞄准精度的重要因素。本文以耦合运动数学模型为基础,建立了仿真实验系统,并以铱星系统为例,对低轨卫星星间激光链路光束瞄准过程进行了仿真研究。理论分析和仿真结果表明,终端与平台耦合运动所产生的瞄准偏差大于0.9mrad,目标卫星可接收到的信标光功率将被衰减达-7.2dB以上,严重影响目标卫星对信标光的捕获。为确保星间激光链路的建立,提出了耦合运动补偿方法,并进行了相应的仿真实验。仿真结果表明,补偿控制方法使耦合运动产生的瞄准偏差小于2μrad,对信标光的衰减小于-1.7×10-5dB,衰减量可忽略不计。该结果对低轨卫星间激光组网技术的研究具有重要意义。     

偏视场光学系统视场优化设计方法

文章以同轴三反偏视场光学系统型式为例,利用ZEMAX宏建立优化函数,实现了将光学系统视场中心位置、视场大小作为变量进行优化设计,从而实现了综合考虑光学系统视场、像质及相关尺寸要求的整体优化.     

基于基尔霍夫驻留相位近似法的深粗糙度高斯型粗糙面光散射

推导了基尔霍夫驻留相位近似法理论的计算公式.基于基尔霍夫驻留相位近似法研究了平面波入射深粗糙度高斯型粗糙面的光散射,综合高斯型粗糙面的自相关函数给出了不同极化状态下散射系数的数学表达式.由数值计算获得了不同散射角、散射方位角及入射波波长的双站和单站散射系数,讨论了粗糙面高度起伏均方根、相关长度、介质介电常数和入射波波长...     

基于碳纳米管气体传感器的空间原子氧实时探测技术探讨

空间原子氧环境是低地球轨道空间环境的重要组成之一,未来的原子氧探测技术要求探测载荷不仅在重量和功耗方面比现有技术大幅降低,而且在探测性能上要有极大的提升,特别是能实现原子氧通量的实时探测。文章在分析目前主要原子氧探测类型及其特点的基础上,提出一种基于碳纳米管气体传感器的原子氧探测技术。其探测仪器具有体积小、功耗低、灵敏度高、可实时探测、能长期连续工作、可重复使用等特点,是纳米传感器技术发展的重要方向。该技术一旦成功应用,有望快速提高我国在原子氧探测方面的技术水平。     

基于改进LS-SVM的航空发动机传感器故障诊断与自适应重构控制

提出了一种基于改进LS-SVM的航空发动机传感器故障诊断与自适应重构控制方法.该方法通过给误差变量赋予不同权值因子提高LS-SVM的鲁棒性,采用修剪算法提高LS-SVM的稀疏性;该方法从某涡扇发动机输入输出空间中建立其正常模型,采用阈值判别法对传感器故障进行实时监视与诊断,并用模型输出值代替故障传感器测量值反馈回闭环控制系统,实现对发动机的自适应重构控制.仿真结果表明,该方法能及时准确地定位故障,并进行有效的自适应重构控制.      

Comparative analysis of global optical observability of satellites in LEO

With a growing number of resident space objects (RSOs), the facilities for near-Earth space surveillance have to cope with increasing workload. It also applies to low-cost small optical surveillance facilities which may present regional, national and global networks. Improved methods of planning and scheduling optical telescopes are required to use these instruments efficiently. Today, optical observations are only feasible if the following quite stringent requirements are met: the object should be illuminated by sunlight, and it should be above while the Sun is below the observer’s horizon. For different orbits, these preconditions result in varying degrees of the space object observability at various ground-based sites. Certainly, satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) are particularly difficult to observe. This study aims at developing a new technique for assessing observability of a satellite in different types of orbits – namely, low, medium and high Earth orbits, imaging of the opportunity for its visibility in respective diagrams and their analysing for the existing near-Earth population of RSOs. Unlike other researches, wherein one or several observational stations have been chosen as target sites for in-depth analyses of visibility of all the satellites or just the selected ones, the present study focuses on examining the probability of optical surveillance of satellites in a certain orbit from any locations worldwide. It offers considerable scope for automation of surveillance planning and scheduling optical surveillance networks.     

DebrisWatch I: A survey of faint geosynchronous debris

Recent anomalies exhibited by satellites and rocket bodies have highlighted that a population of faint debris exists at geosynchronous (GEO) altitudes, where there are no natural removal mechanisms. Despite previous optical surveys probing to around 10–20 cm in size, regular monitoring of faint sources at GEO is challenging, thus our knowledge remains sparse. It is essential that we continue to explore the faint debris population using large telescopes to better understand the risk posed to active GEO satellites. To this end, we present photometric results from a survey of the GEO region carried out with the 2.54 m Isaac Newton Telescope in La Palma, Canary Islands. We probe to 21st visual magnitude (around 10 cm, assuming Lambertian spheres with an albedo of 0.1), uncovering 129 orbital tracks with GEO-like motion across the eight nights of dark-grey time comprising the survey. The faint end of our brightness distribution continues to rise until the sensitivity limit of the sensor is reached, suggesting that the modal brightness could be even fainter. We uncover a number of faint, uncatalogued objects that show photometric signatures of rapid tumbling, many of which straddle the limiting magnitude of our survey over the course of a single exposure, posing a complex issue when estimating object size. This work presents the first instalment of DebrisWatch, an ongoing collaboration between the University of Warwick and the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (UK) investigating the faint population of GEO debris.     

飞行器半实物仿真装备研究进展与展望

根据制导体制不同，分别从光学制导仿真、射频制导仿真、光学/射频复合制导仿真等方面介绍了国内外半实物仿真装备研究进展。结合飞行器对半实物仿真技术提出新的发展需求，提出了全角度空间制导仿真、特殊环境/背景制导仿真、绕飞伴飞仿真、弹体气动伺服弹性仿真等特殊背景的半实物仿真方案。最后，结合飞行器技术和半实物仿真技术发展趋势，对飞行器半实物仿真装备的发展趋势进行了展望。