基于刃边法的航天光学遥感器在轨MTF测试研究

调制传递函数（MTF,Modulation Transfer Function）在轨测试是监测航天光学遥感器在轨运行性能的重要指标。准确把握遥感成像系统MTF在运行过程中的变化,关系到遥感数据资源的合理及有效利用。文章对刃边法测试MTF的原理及仿真算法进行了阐述,重点对刃边倾角、辐射定标和刃边图像的对比度对MTF测试精度的影响进行了仿真分析。     

Dynamics of the dayside Aurora Australis

Current dayside optical studies of Aurora Australis from the Amundsen-Scott Research Station at the South Pole (74 degrees magnetic latitude) show some striking differences from optical results reported from Svalbard. A 6-channel meridian scanning photometer operating during the past three austral winters shows, in particular, the 630 nm emission is much lower, on average, than the Arctic dayside aurora and very weak on some days. The 558 nm intensity is higher relative to 630 nm suggesting the incoming electrons have a higher average energy. There are notable differences in auroral forms, giving further evidence of asymmetries in the two dayside ovals.     

Properties of the high area-to-mass ratio space debris population at high altitudes

In the framework of its space debris research activities ESA established an optical survey program to study the space debris environment at high altitudes, in particular in the geostationary ring and in the geostationary transfer orbit region. The Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB) performs these surveys on behalf of ESA using ESA’s 1-m telescope in Tenerife. Regular observations were started in 1999 and are continued during about 120–140 nights per year. Results from these surveys revealed a substantial amount of space debris at high altitudes in the size range from 0.1 to 1 m. Several space debris populations with different dynamical properties were identified in the geostationary ring. During the searches for debris in the geostationary transfer orbit region a new population of objects in unexpected orbits, where no potential progenitors exist, was found. The orbital periods of these objects are clustered around one revolution per day; the eccentricities, however, are scattered between 0 and 0.6. By following-up some of these objects using the ESA telescope and AIUB’s 1-m telescope in Zimmerwald, Switzerland, it was possible to study the properties of this new population. One spectacular finding from monitoring the orbits over time spans of days to months is the fact that these objects must have extreme area-to-mass ratios, which are by several orders of magnitudes higher than for ‘normal-type’ debris. This in turn supports the hypothesis that the new population actually is debris generated in or near the geostationary ring and which is in orbits with periodically varying eccentricity and inclination due to perturbations by solar radiation pressure. In order to further study the nature of these debris, multi-color and temporal photometry (light curves) were acquired with the Zimmerwald telescope. The light curves show strong variations over short time intervals, including signals typical for specular reflections. Some objects exhibit distinct periodic variations with periods ranging from 10 to several 100 s. All this is indicative for objects with complicated shapes and some highly reflective surfaces.     

Patterns of variability in γ-ray blazars

Preliminary results of a systematic study on the simultaneous optical-to-X-rays variability in blazars are presented. Data from Swift observations of four bright γ-ray blazars (3C 279, ON +231, S5 0716+71, PKS 2155−304) have been analyzed, compared, and discussed. Specifically, 3C 279 shows a variable flattening in the low energy part of the X-ray spectrum that appears to be confined in a specific X-ray vs optical/UV fluxes region. Some implications are shortly analyzed.     

空间光学遥感器光机结构材料应用情况及展望

介绍了空间光学遥感器的技术特点,综述了近年来空间光学遥感器光机结构材料的应用状况,对空间光学遥感器的光机结构材料发展趋势进行了展望。     

用光纤半圆阵列测量准二维工件表面粗糙度参数的仿真研究

提出了一种反散射计算的简单、快速方法,用于用光纤半圆阵列的光散射技术测量准二维工件表面的粗糙度参数。这些参数包括高度特性参数 R_a、间距特性参数λ_a 和混合参数△_a。我们的研究证明了上述测量方法的正确性。因而,这种测量方法可用于测量工件表面粗糙度参数仪器的设计。     

应用光透仪测量细高氯酸铵粒度的研究

在固体火箭发动机推进剂中,细高氯酸铵的粒度,通常是用沉降法测量.此法的缺点是,测试周期长,费时费力.应用先透仪测细高氯酸铵粒度可大大缩短测试时间,省时省力,并消除了人工处理数据的误差.本文给出了光透仪测细高氯酸铵粒度的精度;光透法与沉降法测细高氯酸铵粒度的相关关系及其精度;论述了在大型发动机装药中,应用光透仪测细高氯酸铵粒度可控制推进剂的燃速,保证了发动机产品的质量.     

光机扫描仪像质评价与优化设计

光机扫描仪通过光机扫描和平台运动获取图像。虽然推扫式成像仪应用越来越普遍，但光机扫描仪在很多领域一直广泛应用。文章对光机扫描仪的像质评价和优化设计问题进行了探讨。首先对光机扫描仪空间分辨率和辐射分辨率的评价方法和需求优化进行了探讨，然后以中巴地球资源卫星（CBERS）红外多光谱扫描仪（IRMSS）为例，介绍了通过对GSD、MTF和SNR进行折中考虑来对光机扫描仪进行优化设计的思路。     

星载遥感器对地面目标的定位

系统和深入地研究了多种星载遥感器对地面目标的定位问题。以目标相对于星下点轨迹的方位角和遥感器的视角作为相对定位的结果参量，与卫星轨道参数相结合，导出了地面目标经纬度的通用化计算公式。并在此基础上，完成了关于地面目标定位误差的完整分析，讨论了各误差分量的计算方法，导出了一套相应的计算公式。     

模态参数识别中的激振点和测量点的布局 Ⅰ理论分析

测量点和激振点在被识别结构上的布局对于目标模态的准确识别具有很大影响。本文针对目标模态分别是孤立模态和重频模态，讨论了激振点和测量点的布局准则，给出了模态可识别的必要条件和充分条件。