2022年国外惯性技术发展与回顾

惯性技术广泛应用于海、陆、空、天各种载体的导航、定位与控制。通过对2022年的IEEE惯性传感器与系统会议、DGON惯性传感器系统会议、MEMS国际会议和圣彼得堡组合导航会议等惯性技术相关会议文献以及惯性技术领域相关机构披露的动态信息进行的详细梳理,总结了光学陀螺、微机电(MEMS)陀螺、半球谐振陀螺(HRG)、加速度计以及新兴的量子惯性传感器等惯性仪表及惯性导航系统(INS)的发展现状,并对惯性技术领域的发展趋势进行了分析与展望。当前,惯性技术领域相关研究主要侧重于小型化、提高精度和降低成本等方面。其中,光学陀螺较为成熟,更为侧重于小型化相关研究;微机电陀螺正在致力于向导航级性能突破和发展;半球谐振陀螺主要着力于探索降低高端产品的制造成本。     

阵元位置误差有源估计方法研究

阐述了对阵列天线阵元位置误差进行的研究,首先在天线阵列所在平面设置一个校正源,利用该校正源对阵元位置误差引起的阵列流形误差进行估计,然后将同一校正源放在不同方位角对阵列流形误差进行估计,最后经过矩阵运算估计出阵元位置误差。仿真证明此方法的有效性。     

基于特征光点单坐标系坐标的运动目标相对位置姿态光学测量方法

针对运动目标的相对位置姿态测量问题,研究了一种利用四个非共线特征光点的光学 测量方法。推导了基于特征光点目标坐标系和测量坐标系坐标的运动目标相对位置姿态解算 公式;进而给出了基于特征光点单坐标系坐标的位置姿态的解析解;并建立了测量的误差模 型。该方法对特征光点布局要求低,对摄像机模型没有限制。实验结果表明,该方法可满足 运动目标的相对位置姿态测量需求。     

Strategy to search fragments from breakups in GEO

This paper proposes a strategy to search fragments from breakups in the Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) region based upon population prediction and motion prediction by means of ground-based optical observations. Breakup fragments have uncertainties in the states such as their position and motion, or even in their existence. Population prediction and motion prediction resolve those uncertainties. Population prediction evaluates the time-averaged distribution of fragments, whose position at a given time is unknown, in the celestial sphere. Motion prediction evaluates the expected motion of fragments appeared in image series acquired by a telescope’s CCD camera. This paper logically describes procedures of the search strategy, and provides mathematical expressions of population prediction and motion prediction. This paper also validates the search strategy via actual observations, in which a confirmed breakup in the GEO region is selected as a target. It is concluded that the proposed strategy is valid even for searching uncataloged fragments from breakups in the GEO region.     

Application of Analytic Redundancy-based Fault Diagnosis of Sensors to Onboard Maintenance System

Analytic redundancy-based fault diagnosis technique (ARFDT) is applied to onboard maintenance system (OMS). The principle of the proposed ARFDT scheme is to design a redundancy configuration using ARFDT to enhance the functions of redundancy management and built in test equipment (BITE) monitor. Redundancy configuration for dual-redundancy and analytic redundancy is proposed, in which, the fault diagnosis includes detection and isolation. In order to keep the balance between rapid diagnosis and binary hypothesis, a filter together with an elapsed time limit is designed for sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) in the process of isolation. Diagnosis results would be submitted to central maintenance computer (CMC) together with BITE information. Moreover, by adopting reconstruction, the designed method not only provides analytic redundancy to help redundancy management, but also compensates the output when both of the sensors of the same type are faulty. Our scheme is applied to an aircraft’s sensors in a simulation experiment, and the results show that the proposed filter SPRT (FSPRT) saves at least 50% of isolation time than Wald SPRT (WSPRT). Also, effectiveness, practicability and rapidity of the proposed scheme can be successfully achieved in OMS.     

准互易光学电压传感器的电场计算与误差分析

针对一种新型的具有准互易反射式光路结构的光学电压传感器,设计了基于锗酸铋(BGO,Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂)晶体横向调制方式的高压探头.采用ANSYS有限元分析软件对所设计的高压探头进行电场计算,得到了探头内的电场及电势分布;讨论了探头内电场分布不均匀及干扰电场导致的测量误差.计算结果表明:标准条件下探头的最高可测电压不低于15 kV;电场分布不均匀导致光沿着晶体内不同路径传输时,电场强度对路径的积分结果即测量电压不同,影响传感器的稳定性和测量精度;探头内干扰电场导致0~5 kV范围内最大测量误差达1.2‰,这一测量误差对于2‰精度的电压传感器是不可忽略的.      

旋转系下的实时压力测量方法研究

航空发动机旋转盘表面的压力测量需要压力传感器与旋转盘一同旋转,因此压力传感器在感受测点压力的同时,其感压膜片还将受到旋转离心力的影响。为了能使压力传感器能反应真实被测点的压力值,在旋转设备上的压力传感器的实时标定技术成为解决这一问题的关键。本文利用空气柱在离心力场中的理论压差给出了旋转状态下的标准压力,进而对传感器进行了实时标定。      

夜间成像光测数字图像增强技术研究

分析夜间成像的光测数字图像灰度范围、对比度和信息量等主要特点,为图像增强的策略选择和效果评价提供依据。针对夜间成像光测数字图像灰度范围较窄等特点,提出局部灰度修正的增强方法适当增强图像对比度,又避免细节损失,同时,利用拉普拉斯锐化突出目标轮廓和边缘,并利用人眼对彩色敏感的特点,采用伪彩色增强提高对图像中模糊目标的分辨能力。通过上述3种增强技术,提高了对夜间成像暗图像的目标识别能力,有利于后续判读处理。     

加工表面形貌的在线检测及其应用

介绍了一种基于光针法的表面形貌测量装置,它能在线测量加工工件圆周方向的波纹度和轴向表面轮廓形貌,其垂直分辨率为0.02～0.10μm,横向分辨率为30～50μm。切削试验表明,该装置能够在线识别刀具上的积屑瘤、切削过程中的颤振和刀具磨损对加工表面形貌的影响。     

Proposed strategies for optical observations in a future European Space Surveillance network

Two ESA-funded feasibility studies that aimed to develop observation strategies, to propose suitable sensor architectures, and to assess the expected performance of an independent European Space Surveillance System were carried out during the last years. The French company ONERA led two study teams comprising a number of European companies.