空间站空间因特网与空间通信链路设计

为改善在空间站长期值守的航天员的业务生活,提出建立空间站网吧,为航天员提供因特网服务的构想。为此分析研究空间站空间因特网服务系统及其关键技术,提出空间站空间因特网服务系统构建方案。结合这一系统构建方案,一是研究解决了支持复杂异构网络运行的空间因特网网络协议设计技术,空间站空间因特网直接采用TCP/IP协议,并通过系统设计,较好地克服了TCP/IP协议不能适应空间通信链路的难题,支持采用基于TCP/IP协议的商用货架(COTS)软、硬件产品,可明显降低空间站空间因特网服务系统建设与维护成本;二是研究解决了涉及空间站测控通信网运行安全和空间信息安全的空间通信链路设计技术,空间站在同一条空间通信链路同时传输空间因特网数据和空间站测控通信数据,空间通信链路采用CCSDS的AOS协议,并通过建立虚拟的物理信道,解决了空间因特网数据和空间站测控通信数据的安全隔离问题,能满足空间站测控通信网运行安全和空间信息安全的要求。     

InSAR成像匹配制导技术

为了解决飞行器远程全天候高精度自主导航的问题,提出一种InSAR成像匹配制导技术,利用InSAR生成的高程数据与基准高程图进行精确匹配,并通过构象模型反演出飞行器的空间位置。分析对比了多种精确地形匹配方法,采用基于F.Leberl数学模型的空间定位方法并分析了误差影响。仿真结果表明,该方法可以实现飞行器高精度自主导航定位,大大提高飞行器的适应性和抗干扰能力。     

空间非合作目标未知构型重建质量评估方法

针对基于线阵激光雷达扫描重建获得的三维模型,因其构型未知,无法通过模型对比进行质量评估,本文着重研究未知构型的质量评估方法。首先,采用3σ优化的最小二乘法对空间非合作目标点云平面与直线进行拟合;其次,从点云密度、重建几何性质、表面完整度进行重建质量评估,再基于上述三种评估方法建立多因素综合评估数学模型,对三维重建结果进行满意度质量评估;最后通过仿真实验验证评估方法,获得多因素综合评估满意度为95.5889%,实验结果表明该评估方法合理且具有参考价值。该研究不仅能验证基于线阵激光雷达三维重建结果的精度,还为空间非合作目标未知构型质量评估提供一种新的研究思路。     

Lower ionosphere response to external forcing: A brief review

There are two ways of external forcing of the lower ionosphere, the region below an altitude of about 100 km: (1) From above, which is directly or indirectly of solar origin. (2) From below, which is directly or indirectly of atmospheric origin. The external forcing of solar origin consists of two general factors – solar ionizing radiation variability and space weather. The solar ionization variability consist mainly from the 11-year solar cycle, the 27-day solar rotation and solar flares, strong flares being very important phenomenon in the daytime lower ionosphere due to the enormous increase of the solar X-ray flux resulting in temporal terminating of MF and partly LF and HF radio wave propagation due to heavy absorption of radio waves. Monitoring of the sudden ionospheric disturbances (SIDs – effects of solar flares in the lower ionosphere) served in the past as an important tool of monitoring the solar activity and its impacts on the ionosphere. Space weather effects on the lower ionosphere consist of many different but often inter-related phenomena, which govern the lower ionosphere variability at high latitudes, particularly at night. The most important space weather phenomenon for the lower ionosphere is strong geomagnetic storms, which affect substantially both the high- and mid-latitude lower ionosphere. As for forcing from below, it is caused mainly by waves in the neutral atmosphere, i.e. planetary, tidal, gravity and infrasonic waves. The most important and most studied waves are planetary and gravity waves. Another channel of the troposphere coupling to the lower ionosphere is through lightning-related processes leading to sprites, blue jets etc. and their ionospheric counterparts. These phenomena occur on very short time scales. The external forcing of the lower ionosphere has observationally been studied using predominantly ground-based methods exploiting in various ways the radio wave propagation, and by sporadic rocket soundings. All the above phenomena are briefly mentioned and some of them are treated in more detail.     

Nighttime cloud properties retrieval using MODIS and artificial neural networks

In this work a methodology for inferring water cloud macro and microphysical properties from nighttime MODIS imagery is developed. This method is based on the inversion of a theoretical radiative transfer model that simulates the radiances detected in each of the sensor infrared bands. To accomplish this inversion, an operational technique based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is proposed, whose main characteristic is the ability to retrieve cloud properties much faster than conventional methods. Furthermore, a detailed study of input data is performed to avoid different sources of errors that appear in several MODIS infrared channels. Finally, results of applying the proposed method are compared with in-situ measurements carried out during the DYCOMS-II field experiment.     

Accurate 3D Target Positioning in Close Range Photogrammetry with Implicit Image Correction

Accurate three-dimensional (3D) target positioning is of great importance in many industrial applications. Although various methods for reconstructing 3D information from a set of images have been available in the literature, few of them pay enough attention to the indispensable procedures, such as target extraction from images and image correction having strong influences upon the 3D positioning accuracy. This article puts forward a high-precision ellipse center (target point) extraction method and a new image correction approach which has been integrated into the 3D reconstruction pipeline with a concise implicit model to accurately compensates for the image distortion. The methods are applied to a copyright-reserved close range photogrammetric system. Real measuring experiments and industrial applications have evidenced the proposed methods, which can significantly improve the 3D positioning accuracy.     

基于投影寻踪的高光谱图像异常检测并行算法

投影寻踪方法能有效提取数据中的非高斯结构凸显异常信息,但在求解最优投影方向时存在计算量大、运行时间长的问题,为提高处理效率,提出一种机群环境下的并行算法.选用偏度和峰度组合作为投影指标,将所有像素光谱作为特定投影方向集依次搜索,求解最优投影方向.在并行计算各候选方向投影指标时,分割图像数据分布存储于各机群结点,数据子块朝候选方向并行投影后,将指标计算式变形分解,使各结点在指标计算过程中所需数据均为本地数据,解决数据局部性问题,并采用一种"轮流作主"的机制提高算法负载均衡程度.利用实用型模块化高光谱仪数据在机群系统上进行测试,达到了较好的加速效果,表明该并行算法具有良好的并行性能.     

真空热试验的温度测量系统

文章介绍了航天器真空热试验的温度测量系统,包括热电偶测量系统、无线测量系统和红外摄像测量系统,涉及接触测量和非接触测量、有线传输和无线传输。目前热电偶温度测量系统在国内外真空热试验中居主导地位,应用十分普遍。但国外近几年无线测量系统已得到研制,红外摄像测量系统已得到应用,有的空间机构已计划将新型测量系统列入空间环境模拟器的标准配套设备。航天器温度测量系统的这些发展变化值得业内人士关注,进行必要的技术和设备研发工作,更好地适应未来航天器真空热试验的需要。     

易于硬件实现的遥感图像两倍压缩算法

结合干涉多光谱遥感图像航天应用的要求,参考CCSDS标准无损压缩算法,提出了一种易于硬件实现的干涉多光谱遥感图像无损／近无损压缩算法。该算法在对12bit干涉多光谱图像进行2倍压缩时压缩性能与JPEG 2000标准算法相当,但算法复杂度和所需存储空间大大降低,在单片FPGA内部即可实现全部压缩功能,可以很好地满足航天应用的要求。     

超高频脉冲电弧焊接熔池金属流动行为

熔池金属流动一方面受电弧行为影响,另一方面与凝固组织形核、结晶过程联系紧密,是电弧焊接基础研究的关键,针对电弧力作用研究了超高频脉冲电弧焊接(UHFP-AW,Ultra High Frequency Pulsed Arc Welding)熔池金属流动特点,采用理论研究与试验分析相结合的方式对熔池流动方式、强度、温度分布等要素进行了分析,并完成了液态金属表面运动特征监测.结果表明,超高频脉冲电弧对熔池液态金属的热、力作用显著,表面流体流速大于30cm/s,UHFP-AW电弧力造成熔池表面沉降变形,引起双环流,熔池温度扩散范围相应减小,有效降低了电弧热量对母材金属的影响,尤其在钛合金焊接中对控制焊缝晶粒尺寸具有重要意义.