天基微小空间碎片探测研究

随着空间碎片数量的不断增多,天基微小空间碎片探测已经成为一个热点．首先介绍了空间碎片在低地球轨道上的分布情况以及它对于航天器的危害,然后介绍了国外微小碎片探测器的基本情况,并在这些探测结果的基础上提出了一个探测器方案．这种探测器的传感器采用了新型的压电材料聚偏二氟乙稀(PVDF),使用了飞行时间法(TOF)准确测定空间碎片的飞行速度,以及快脉冲分析系统分析碎片的质量．     

空间机器人神经网络自适应滑模目标操控轨迹跟踪控制

针对参数未知的空间目标操控问题,考虑空间机器人负载不确定性、系统动力学不确定性和环境扰动等因素,为实现操作过程的稳定控制及机器人轨迹的有效跟踪,提出一种基于径向基神经网络估计不确定项的自适应增益非奇异终端滑模变结构控制器。首先基于拉格朗日法建立空间机器人的刚体动力学模型。考虑空间机器人基座姿态主动控制模式,使用径向基神经网络对模型中的不确定项进行估计。进而提出基于神经网络估计的非奇异终端滑模控制器,并针对不确定性和扰动的估计误差设计自适应增益,以期实现空间机器人系统轨迹跟踪控制的收敛。仿真校验结果表明所设计的控制方法具有较好的误差收敛速度和控制精度。     

基于高分卫星姿态监测的姿态参数算法优化

目前航天测绘相机几何参数的在轨标定通常经由地面检校场数据处理完成。然而,由于一次摄影中难以保证获取的地面检校场影像完整,使得在轨标定周期较长,进而导致实时监测与标定非常困难。“高分十四号”卫星搭载了一种新的姿态测定系统,利用高精度的相机光轴监测实现对相机几何参数的在轨实时标定。文章在此基础上对高分卫星星地相机间夹角在轨解算方案进行了优化,并基于数值仿真和在轨实测数据进行了分析,结果显示优化算法可以进一步提高影像内定向稳定度和最终的定位精度,未来有望在高精度立体测绘应用中发挥重要作用。     

基于深度学习的日间逐小时地表PM2.5浓度反演

以长三角地区作为研究区域,提出了使用深度学习算法来实现主被动遥感数据结合反演地表PM2.5浓度的方法。基于MPL观测数据,使用雾霾层高度(HLH)替换了边界层高度(BLH)特征,对已有的基于气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)结合大气BLH来反演PM2.5浓度的算法进行了改进。为提高数据覆盖率,对研究区域内的MAIAC AOD进行了填补与评估。利用多种机器学习算法实现了日间逐小时的PM2.5浓度估算,模型验证相关性最高可达0.87。该方法能够为观测气候变化、应对大气污染提供有效帮助。     

飞秒激光激励闪锌矿晶体产生太赫兹辐射的数学分析

基于飞秒激光激励闪锌矿晶体的太赫兹源实现方法较为简单,已有研究证明发射效率与晶体晶向选择,飞秒激光入射角以及偏振态相关,文章通过详细的理论分析与数学计算,讨论了正入射以及斜入射情况下太赫兹辐射最优化条件,获得了明确的飞秒激光入射角、偏振态、晶体晶向的选择依据,对提高太赫兹输出效率具有重要的指导意义。     

基于云平台的电机设备远程运维系统设计

针对电机设备远程运维需求,在分析电机设备远程运维优势的基础上,设计了基于云平台的电机设备远程运维系统。对远程运维系统的架构和主要功能进行了详细阐述。电机设备远程运维系统可降低设备售后成本、提高售后服务质量,进而改进设备质量;同时也可降低用户停机、维修时间,极大地提高用户生产效率。     

面向建筑空间的OFDM信号定位性能分析

针对利用OFDM信号进行定位时信号非连续性问题,提出一种粗检测和精细检测结合的测距方法,将距离测量转换为不同尺度的时延样点,采用时域粗检测快速估算接收OFDM信号的最大相关峰值,然后对传输时延进行频域精细测量,提升了小数倍采样周期时延测量的精度。在此基础上,分析了OFDM信号的定位性能,仿真结果表明,当OFDM信号在信噪比-11dB的情况下测距误差由3m左右(子载波数512)降至1m(子载波数4096)。     

Midlatitude ionospheric F2-layer response to eruptive solar events-caused geomagnetic disturbances over Hungary during the maximum of the solar cycle 24: A case study

In our study we analyze and compare the response and behavior of the ionospheric F2 and of the sporadic E-layer during three strong (i.e., Dst?<??100nT) individual geomagnetic storms from years 2012, 2013 and 2015, winter time period. The data was provided by the state-of the art digital ionosonde of the Széchenyi István Geophysical Observatory located at midlatitude, Nagycenk, Hungary (IAGA code: NCK, geomagnetic latitude: 46.17° geomagnetic longitude: 98.85°). The local time of the sudden commencement (SC) was used to characterize the type of the ionospheric storm (after Mendillo and Narvaez, 2010). This way two regular positive phase (RPP) ionospheric storms and one no-positive phase (NPP) storm have been analyzed. In all three cases a significant increase in electron density of the foF2 layer can be observed at dawn/early morning (around 6:00 UT, 07:00 LT). Also we can observe the fade-out of the ionospheric layers at night during the geomagnetically disturbed time periods. Our results suggest that the fade-out effect is not connected to the occurrence of the sporadic E-layers.     

Modeling and experimental validation of sawing based lander anchoring and sampling methods for asteroid exploration

This paper presents a novel lander anchoring system based on sawing method for asteroid exploration. The system is composed of three robotic arms, three cutting discs, and a control system. The discs mounted at the end of the arms are able to penetrate into the rock surface of asteroids. After the discs cut into the rock surface, the self-locking function of the arms provides forces to fix the lander on the surface. Modeling, trajectory planning, simulations, mechanism design, and prototype fabrication of the anchoring system are discussed, respectively. The performances of the system are tested on different kinds of rocks, at different sawing angles, locations, and speeds. Results show that the system can cut 15?mm deep into granite rock in 180?s at sawing angle of 60°, with the average power of 58.41?W, and the “weight on bit” (WOB) of 8.637?N. The 7.8?kg anchoring system is capable of providing omni-directional anchoring forces, at least 225?N normal and 157?N tangent to the surface of the rock. The system has the advantages of low-weight, low energy consumption and balance forces, high anchoring efficiency and reliability, and could enable the lander to move and sample or assist astronauts and robots in walking and sampling on asteroids.     

Observation of a 27-day solar signature in noctilucent cloud altitude

Previous studies have identified solar 27-day signatures in several parameters in the Mesosphere/Lower thermosphere region, including temperature and Noctilucent cloud (NLC) occurrence frequency. In this study we report on a solar 27-day signature in NLC altitude with peak-to-peak variations of about 400?m. We use SCIAMACHY limb-scatter observations from 2002 to 2012 to detect NLCs. The superposed epoch analysis method is applied to extract solar 27-day signatures. A 27-day signature in NLC altitude can be identified in both hemispheres in the SCIAMACHY dataset, but the signature is more pronounced in the northern hemisphere. The solar signature in NLC altitude is found to be in phase with solar activity and temperature for latitudes $?70°$N. We provide a qualitative explanation for the positive correlation between solar activity and NLC altitude based on published model simulations.