风扇/压气机周向模态识别中传感器角度偏差的影响

基于任意角度压缩感知(CS)方法分析了传感器安装角度偏差对风扇/压气机周向模态识别重构的影响,设计了一套自适应角度优化程序修正重构误差。利用数值试验探究了传感器角度偏差和数量对周向模态重构结果的影响,研究表明:当角度偏差等级为2.5%时,平均重构误差达到10%以上,若保证重构误差基本不变,将传感器数量从7个增加至25个,仅可以将角度偏差等级放宽至4%。而采用小生境微种群遗传算法进行自适应角度优化,在20 dB信噪比下,通过自适应角度优化可将角度偏差等级从2.5%放宽至10%,降低了传感器安装的精度要求。成功优化了一款冷却风扇在前三阶叶片通过频率下的主要周向声模态重构幅值。自适应角度优化算法有效提升了基于压缩感知的风扇/压气机周向模态重构可靠性。     

Advances in critical technologies for hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnel

Hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels and their measurement techniques are the cornerstone of the hypersonic flight era that is a dream for human beings to fly faster, higher and further. The great progress has been achieved during the recent years and their critical technologies are still in an urgent need for further development. There are at least four kinds of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels that are widely applied over the world and can be classified according to their operation modes. These wind tunnels are named as air-directly-heated hypersonic wind tunnel, light-gas-heated shock tunnel, free-piston-driven shock tunnel and detonation-driven shock tunnel, respectively. The critical technologies for developing the wind tunnels are introduced in this paper, and their merits and weakness are discussed based on wind tunnel performance evaluation. Measurement techniques especially developed for high-enthalpy flows are a part of the hypersonic wind tunnel technology because the flow is a chemically reacting gas motion and its diagnosis needs specially designed instruments. Three kinds of the measurement techniques considered to be of primary importance are introduced here, including the heat flux sensor, the aerodynamic balance, and optical diagnosis techniques. The techniques are developed usually for conventional wind tunnels, but further improved for hypersonic and high-enthalpy tunnels. The hypersonic ground test facilities have provided us with most of valuable experimental data on high-enthalpy flows and will play a more important role in hypersonic research area in the future. Therefore, several prospects for developing hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels are presented from our point of view.     

智慧温室群远程监控系统通信设计

温室监控系统是对温室环境中温度、湿度、光照度等环境因子实施监测与调控的农业设施,可确保农作物获得最适宜的生长发育环境。针对现有温室监控系统在通信上存在距离受限、组网复杂、能耗高且基本仅能实现单个温室控制的问题,设计了一种基于LoRa和NB-IoT相结合的智慧温室群远程监控系统通信模式。该模式以STM32F103C8T6单片机为核心控制器件,采用ATK-LoRa SX1278和NB-IoT模块自组无线通信网实现数据的远程交互。测试结果表明：采用该通信模式可实现温室群中各温室间距离在2km范围内的数据采集、处理和传输,其通信距离远、功耗低,数据传输可靠性符合现代化农业物联网的需求。     

基于图像识别的机械振动信号特征提取与寿命预测方法研究

滚动轴承作为许多机械设备的关键组件,被广泛应用于机械制造、航空航天等领域,其健康状态直接影响了相应设备的剩余寿命,因此在设备故障预测与健康管理(Prognostics and Health Management, PHM)领域,滚动轴承寿命预测具有很高的研究价值。目前基于数据驱动的轴承寿命预测方法主要利用特征提取并构造健康因子(Health Indicator, HI),然而在这一过程中特征的选择与融合依然依赖于专家先验知识,并且健康因子也很难从复杂的时序数据中进行提取。因此,提出了一种新型的数据驱动寿命预测算法,在特征提取方面,通过连续小波变换(Continuous Wavelet Transform,CWT)将传感器振动信号转换为时频谱图,再通过深度残差网络(Deep residual network, ResNet)结合时空卷积网络(Temporal Convolutional Network, TCN)将时频谱图中的时域频域特征构造成为健康因子,最后完成剩余寿命预测。本研究在PRONOSTIA数据集上与现有的数据驱动算法进行了对比,证明了该算法可以更准确地完成剩余寿命预测。     

空间相机中与大口径透镜有关的结构设计分析

某空间相机镜头在光学设计时,因透过率、吸收率等原因,为了满足光学系统要求,经过各方面平衡后,其中有一片透镜比正常径厚比设计的偏薄些。在镜头总体结构设计时,单独对该镜片及与之相配的结构件进行了有限元分析和实验检测,发现不同的结构形式对镜片面形影响不同。为了解决这一问题,在实验中进行了探讨,以保证整个相机系统满足空间相机的实用要求。     

Downsizing an orbital space robot: A dynamic system based evaluation

Small space robots have the potential to revolutionise space exploration by facilitating the on-orbit assembly of infrastructure, in shorter time scales, at reduced costs. Their commercial appeal will be further improved if such a system is also capable of performing on-orbit servicing missions, in line with the current drive to limit space debris and prolong the lifetime of satellites already in orbit. Whilst there have been a limited number of successful demonstrations of technologies capable of these on-orbit operations, the systems remain large and bespoke. The recent surge in small satellite technologies is changing the economics of space and in the near future, downsizing a space robot might become be a viable option with a host of benefits. This industry wide shift means some of the technologies for use with a downsized space robot, such as power and communication subsystems, now exist. However, there are still dynamic and control issues that need to be overcome before a downsized space robot can be capable of undertaking useful missions. This paper first outlines these issues, before analyzing the effect of downsizing a system on its operational capability. Therefore presenting the smallest controllable system such that the benefits of a small space robot can be achieved with current technologies. The sizing of the base spacecraft and manipulator are addressed here. The design presented consists of a 3 link, 6 degrees of freedom robotic manipulator mounted on a 12U form factor satellite. The feasibility of this 12U space robot was evaluated in simulation and the in-depth results presented here support the hypothesis that a small space robot is a viable solution for in-orbit operations.     

跨介质航行器波浪环境入水流场演变和运动特性研究

跨介质航行器是一种既可以在空中飞行又可以在水下潜航的新概念航行器,基于仿生学原理,提出一种通过改变外形实现水空介质跨越的航行器模型,通过入水试验装置和计算流体动力学方法,对航行器带攻角从空气到水的介质跨越过程进行了试验和数值仿真研究,得到了跨介质入水过程航行器的运动姿态和入水空泡形态,并通过数值仿真得到了航行器的升力、阻力、速度和加速度演化规律。同时基于数值模拟方法对有波浪情况和静水情况下航行器入水过程空泡演变以及运动特性进行对比。结果表明:提出的航行器构型在水中具有较好的姿态调整能力,波浪的有无和波高的不同都会对航行体入水运动特性造成影响。     

视觉测振技术在柔性太阳翼模态试验中的应用

针对8 m×5 m的柔性太阳翼在倒立状态下进行模态试验,设计数字摄像视觉测振系统,基于图像特征跟踪法实现了从相机标定、图像采集、信息提取到三维振动数据获取的过程,通过工况模态辨识方法获取了柔性太阳翼模态频率及振型等动力学参数。并考虑空气和重力影响建立太阳翼有限元模型,通过与基于基恩士激光位移传感器的传统模态试验结果及仿真分析结果进行对比,验证了基于视觉测振工况模态试验方法的准确性,为柔性太阳翼在轨模态辨识奠定基础。     

多航天器协同探测效能影响参数不确定性分析

为解决传统基于蒙特卡洛仿真的探测效能不确定性分析评价方法中时间效率低,参数关系映射单一的问题,提出一种基于神经网络的不确定性分析方法,利用人工神经网络在拟合回归分析上的非线性特性,设计了能够替代复杂系统的神经网络结构,能够通过少量仿真计算结果作为训练样本实现模型的收敛并能有效反映被替代系统的原有特性。选择以一个多航天器的天文观测任务作为典型用例,建立了仿真分析模型,并与蒙特卡洛仿真方法结果进行了对比,验证了此方法的准确性和计算效率。     

关于地球转移轨道碎片的轨道寿命问题

低轨卫星的轨道寿命主要取决于大气的耗散作用,其轨道在不断变小(即高度降低)变圆的状态下进入地球稠密大气层中陨落。但地球转移轨道(GTO)碎片的运行轨道是一个近地点高度为200km,远地点高度达36000km的大偏心率(e=0.73)椭圆轨道,其轨道寿命主要由第三体(日、月)引力摄动所决定,而且还与其轨道的初始状态有密切关系。本文将根据地球卫星轨道变化规律进行理论分析,阐明力学机制,并给出相应的数值验证。