新型高精度变焦距系统设计

简要介绍了传统凸轮结构变焦距系统的原理、组成及存在的问题,并针对传统凸轮结构变焦距系统存在的主要问题,提出了一种新型高精度变焦距系统,用直线步进电动机替代凸轮机构控制变倍组和补偿组在直线导轨上线性或非线性精确移动,用直线光栅尺替代电位计,完成焦距值实时输出,并对步进电机实现闭环控制。该系统比传统凸轮结构变焦距系统光轴晃动减少90%,定位精度提高80%。     

Link budget and background noise for satellite quantum key distribution

Optical quantum communication exploiting satellites is the most promising field to enable global quantum communication.     

高精度卫星光学遥感器辐射定标技术

随着长期气候变化等观测新需求和高分辨对地观测等新手段的发展,空间光学仪器面临进一步提高辐射定标精度的要求。文章从空间光学仪器定标精度的制约因素和全过程定标的实现等方面,分析了国际相关领域的技术进展,并就新型定标技术的研究和应用提出建议与展望。     

Optical response of nanosatellite BLITS measured by the Graz 2 kHz SLR system

The nanosatellite BLITS (Ball Lens In The Space) is the first object designed as a passive, spherical retroreflector of the Luneburg type, dedicated for Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR). The optical response of BLITS has been measured by the Graz 2 kHz SLR station and compared with the response of the classical retroreflector arrays (RRA) of the Low Earth Orbiting satellites such as ERS-2 and Stella. This work demonstrates that the optical response of BLITS is flat and featureless, comparable with the signature of a point-source or a flat target, and suggests that this innovative design will deliver a higher normal point (NP) accuracy (2.55 mm) than any other SLR target currently in orbit. The high reflectivity of the glassy BLITS (about 60% of the return rate from the multi-reflector Stella) is found to be decreasing by about 30% per year, probably due to the solar irradiation. Detailed analysis of the reflective half-shell demonstrates that a high return rate of SLR measurements can be achieved regardless of the incident angle of the laser beam, thus making the spherical lens a perfect successor of the classical RRA panels mounted on active satellites such as CHAMP, GOCE and GRACE.     

空间遥感器大口径反射镜支撑结构型式综述

文章针对空间遥感器大口径反射镜（口径大于500mm）总结了影响支撑结构设计的主要因素，介绍了几种主要的支撑结构型式，并讨论了支撑结构设计中所需要考虑的若干问题。     

大口径SiC反射镜背部筋板布局设计研究

背部筋板布局在大口径反射镜轻量化设计中占有重要地位。在工程上，反射镜构型只能从有限的种类和数量中选取。为了进一步提高优化效率，文章对大口径SiC反射镜背部拓扑构型的分类方法进行了研究，提出了三角形筋板构型分类方法。文章按照分类进行了实例设计和计算，结果说明这种分类对大口径SiC反射镜背部筋板的布局设计有很好的指导作用。     

An adaptive threshold method for improving astrometry of space debris CCD images

Optical survey is a main technique for observing space debris, and precisely measuring the positions of space debris is of great importance. Due to several factors, e.g. the angle object normal to the observer, the shape as well as the attitude of the object, the variations of observed characteristics for low earth orbital space debris are distinct. When we look at optical CCD images of observed objects, the size and brightness are varying, hence it’s difficult to decide the threshold during centroid measurement and precise astrometry. Traditionally the threshold is given empirically and constantly in data reduction, and obviously it’s not suitable for data reduction of space debris. Here we offer a solution to provide the threshold. Our method assumes that the PSF (point spread function) is Gaussian and estimates the signal flux by a directly two-dimensional Gaussian fit, then a cubic spline interpolation is performed to divide each initial pixel into several sub-pixels, at last the threshold is determined by the estimation of signal flux and the sub-pixels above threshold are separated to estimate the centroid. A trail observation of the fast spinning satellite Ajisai is made and the CCD frames are obtained to test our algorithm. The calibration precision of various threshold is obtained through the comparison between the observed equatorial position and the reference one, the latter are obtained from the precise ephemeris of the satellite. The results indicate that our method reduces the total errors of measurements, it works effectively in improving the centering precision of space debris images.     

反射率的垂直入、反射测量法

利用自准直分划板返回像光强随被测件反射率变化的特性,在自准直仪的基础上增添相应光电接收器件,以已知反射率的平面镜作标准,进行比较测量,实现光线垂直入、反射时全通光口径的反射率测量,以适应相应的使用状态和不同的被测件.     

Design and Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Silicon Carbide Primary Mirror Assembly

Based on the principle that the thermal expansion coefficient of the support structure should match that of the mirror, three schemes of primary mirror assembly were designed. Of them, the first is fused silica mirror plus 4J32 flexible support plus ZTC4 sup-port back plate, the second K9 mirror plus 4J45 flexible support plus ZTC4 support back plate, and the third SiC mirror plus SiC rigid support back plate. A coupled thermo-mechanical analysis of the three primary mirror assemblies was made with finite element method. The results show that the SiC assembly is the best of all schemes in terms of their combination properties due to its elimination of the thermal expansion mismatch between the materials. The analytical results on the cryogenic property of the SiC primary mirror assembly show a higher surface finish of the SiC mirror even under the cryogenic condition.