北京空间机电研究所50年成就与展望

文章介绍了北京空间机电研究所50年来在回收与着陆技术、航天光学遥感技术和复合材料成型技术领域所取得的成就,并对三大技术领域的后续发展进行了展望.     

Proposed strategies for optical observations in a future European Space Surveillance network

Two ESA-funded feasibility studies that aimed to develop observation strategies, to propose suitable sensor architectures, and to assess the expected performance of an independent European Space Surveillance System were carried out during the last years. The French company ONERA led two study teams comprising a number of European companies.     

无热化大相对孔径星敏感器光学系统设计

提出了一种大相时孔径轻小型光学系统的设计方案,给出了设计方案及热分析结果.光学系统工作谱段500～800nm,视场角9°,相对孔径1／1.2,光学系统设计结果良好,弥散斑直径在两个像元尺寸之内,能够满足光学系统对能量集中度和弥散斑的要求.基于光学热补偿理论对光学系统进行了无热化分析和消热设计.通过分析不同温度下的传递函...     

空间光学遥感器主镜展开机构重复定位精度分析

提出了基于赫兹接触理论的空间光学遥感器主镜展开机构重复定位精度分析方法,利用该方法分别对Boyes支承和Kelvin支承在两种典型布置方式下进行重复定位误差分析。分析结果表明:Boyes支承的重复定位误差受锁紧力不一致性的影响比Kelvin支承要小;增大定位球直径可以减小因锁紧力不一致性而引起的重复定位误差(绝对值),并且减小的趋势逐渐变缓;在对接面内与旁瓣转轴方向相垂直的方向上,重复定位误差对锁紧力位置误差最为敏感。     

海上夜间飞行的实时仿真

自然场景仿真是虚拟现实技术的重要部分,夜间海上飞行时,星空、月亮以及海面的倒影是独具特色的自然场景.为营造沉浸感强的夜海飞行虚拟现实系统,用粒子系统实现了星空的模拟,将星体动态闪烁现象演化为粒子生命的概念,并按照主导算法加扰动的思想实现星空随机性模拟;用特殊纹理融合算法模拟月亮及星月在海面的镜像,特殊纹理经过制作、着色和融合3个过程,并根据夜空景像在海面倒影的亮度衰减规律确定融合因子,将纹理和背景按照融合因子进行深度融合;最终实现了较逼真的夜海飞行虚拟现实系统.      

真空低温环境用大口径轻量化椭圆平反镜设计

文章介绍了真空低温环境用大口径轻量化椭圆平反镜的结构设计、轻量化设计。并针对椭圆平反镜的装卡特点、使用环境,利用有限元分析技术分析了椭圆平反镜在力载荷、温度载荷作用下的变形。根据计算结果和使用情况给出了反射镜的设计结论。     

太阳帆板平面度测量系统的误差补偿方法

介绍了一种采用斜光学三角形测量结构和基于虚拟精密测量基准的太阳帆板平面度无接触测量系统及误差补偿方法.提出的虚拟精密基准的建模与误差补偿技术,解决了在非精密基准上实现精密测量这一难题,使得所研制的测量系统利用现有平台可实现对太阳帆板平面度的高精度测量.实际测量结果表明,该测量系统对面积为2581mm×1755mm太阳帆板的平面度测量精度达0.02mm(RMS).     

国外空间用三反离轴相机发展分析与思考

空间用三反离轴光学系统自20世纪70年代提出,从90年代开始在多个国家的卫星光学有效载荷中已经或计划得到应用并快速发展,技术基本成熟,领域涉及到对地观测、空间目标探测、天文观测、多光谱热成像、立体测绘等,但是普遍认为制造装调技术比较难.文章通过广泛调研国外三反离轴系统在空间的应用和发展现状,并按应用情况、系统参数和系统构型进行了分类比较,分析其发展趋势,为中国空间相机发展三反离轴光学系统提供借鉴.     

Comment: On the different approaches of Rayleigh optical depth determination

Srivastava et al. (2009) presented Rayleigh scattering cross-sections and optical depths for Earth’s atmosphere that are approximately 3% smaller than previously accepted. Their analysis was based on quantum-mechanical theory for anisotropic scattering in the Cabannes line published in papers that seem to have introduced some confusion about determining the anisotropy and King factors. This comment clarifies these factors and shows that including the frequency-shifted rotational Raman lines gives the traditional King factor and the correct Rayleigh scattering for the optical depth.     

Influence of atmospheric turbulence on planetary transceiver laser ranging

In this paper we investigate the influence of atmospheric turbulence on the performance of the uplink of a planetary transceiver laser ranging system using a single photon detector. We numerically combine the influence of turbulence in the mean intensity profile variations, scintillation, beam-wander induced pointing errors and stochastic time-of-flight variations, using the Hufnagel–Valley turbulence profile to model the ground turbulence behavior. We map the intensity variations due to turbulence to variations in the probability distribution of the arrival time of the 1st photon in a laser pulse, which influences the range measurement error probability distribution. The turbulence models are applied to assess the influence on single-pass range accuracy and precision statistics, as well as the parameter estimation quality of a Phobos Laser Ranging (PLR) mission.