Advances in critical technologies for hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnel

Hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels and their measurement techniques are the cornerstone of the hypersonic flight era that is a dream for human beings to fly faster, higher and further. The great progress has been achieved during the recent years and their critical technologies are still in an urgent need for further development. There are at least four kinds of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels that are widely applied over the world and can be classified according to their operation modes. These wind tunnels are named as air-directly-heated hypersonic wind tunnel, light-gas-heated shock tunnel, free-piston-driven shock tunnel and detonation-driven shock tunnel, respectively. The critical technologies for developing the wind tunnels are introduced in this paper, and their merits and weakness are discussed based on wind tunnel performance evaluation. Measurement techniques especially developed for high-enthalpy flows are a part of the hypersonic wind tunnel technology because the flow is a chemically reacting gas motion and its diagnosis needs specially designed instruments. Three kinds of the measurement techniques considered to be of primary importance are introduced here, including the heat flux sensor, the aerodynamic balance, and optical diagnosis techniques. The techniques are developed usually for conventional wind tunnels, but further improved for hypersonic and high-enthalpy tunnels. The hypersonic ground test facilities have provided us with most of valuable experimental data on high-enthalpy flows and will play a more important role in hypersonic research area in the future. Therefore, several prospects for developing hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels are presented from our point of view.     

基于特征的蒙皮镜像铣加工残区刀轨优化方法

镜像铣加工装备及其加工工艺是蒙皮零件加工的有效手段,其特殊工艺对加工刀轨提出了等步距、无交叉、无抬刀且无残留等特殊要求。针对蒙皮零件加工特征的复杂形状,在满足等步距、无抬刀、无交叉的条件下对加工残留区域进行刀轨优化是一个难题。为解决以上难题,本文提出了一种基于特征的蒙皮镜像铣加工残区刀轨优化方法。该方法基于特征将蒙皮零件的工艺信息与几何信息相关联,自动提取加工特征的加工面及其对应的刀轨,将刀轨分割成若干段子刀轨,并构建子加工区域,再利用布尔并运算得到最终可加工区域。然后对加工面区域与最终可加工区域求布尔差识别出加工残留区域,并根据加工残区位置自适应生成满足蒙皮镜像铣特殊要求的优化刀轨。以典型复杂蒙皮零件验证本文提出的方法,结果表明,基于特征的蒙皮镜像铣加工残区刀轨优化方法可自动识别加工残区,并生成满足蒙皮镜像铣特殊要求的加工残区优化刀轨,为提高蒙皮零件数控编程效率提供技术支撑。     

视觉导航技术的发展

近20年来视觉导航技术发展迅速,在原理方法与技术实现上取得了重要突破,规模化应用已经成为可能。以视觉导航中光流、视觉里程计、视觉同步定位与地图构建等主流研究方向为对象,对其发展概况、基本原理、技术优势与难点等进行了简要介绍与分析,并从近期应用推广及长远发展角度对视觉及视觉组合导航技术进行了展望。     

Estimation of optical maturity parameter for lunar soil characterization using Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3)

Prolonged exposure of the microscopic outer layer of the lunar surface to the space environment leads to the maturation of the surface. Maturation can be quantified and it may be expressed in terms of optical maturity (OMAT). Optical maturity estimations are very much helpful in the identification and mapping of the major minerals present on the lunar regolith. Estimation of the maturation and mineral mapping using remote sensing techniques are achieved, by coupling spectral reflectance of the lunar surface with an optimized origin. The present work estimates the optical maturity and Ferrous oxide content of the Goldschmidt and Schrodinger craters, through the recalibration of the classical method of Lucey et al. (2000a) with an origin of (0.08, 1.18) and Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) data. The overall recalibration results assure that the craters are highly matured.     

基于光外差法的宽带示波器滤波器频响测试技术研究CSCD

分析了光外差测试频响的原理,提出了采用光外差法测试宽带示波器滤波器频响的方案,分析了偏振态和波长稳定性对于测试结果的影响。实验结果表明,光外差法测试宽带示波器光电模块频响方案可行,9.953Gbps滤波器下测试,3d B带宽频率处频响重复性小于0.1d B。     

光学坐标测量机的搭建与实现CSCD

为了高速高精高效地完成中小型复杂型面零件的测量,基于激光位移传感器和三坐标测量机等搭建了非接触式的光学坐标测量机,从而将测量机和光学测头的优点结合起来以应对空间自由曲面的测量任务。通过测头标定技术获得测量光束所在直线的单位方向向量,进而将激光测头的一维距离值转化为测量光斑的三维坐标值,然后通过坐标系转换将此坐标值转化到统一的测量机坐标系下,进而完成被测曲面三维点云的创建。最后,对一个直径已知的球在10个不同方位进行测量,通过点云数据拟合球面方程得到其直径作为测量结果,所得各次测量结果的误差均小于0.05mm,充分说明所搭建的测量系统的有效性。     

高速摄像三维图像分析技术与应用

高速摄像是光学测量的重要手段。分析了高速摄像三维图像分析技术的处理过程,重点讨论了像机标定、自动目标检测与跟踪技术、多目标匹配技术和三维姿态测量技术等关键环节所面临的问题及解决方法,并以无人机回收测量系统为例说明了高速摄像三维图像分析技术在无人机位姿参数测量中的应用,对构建高速摄像测量系统提供了参考。     

带摆镜的制冷型中波红外像方扫描光学系统设计

基本形式的像方扫描光学系统依然需要复杂的二维回转机构带动成像镜组做二维扫描,所以二维回转机构需要承担较大载荷。分析了基本形式的像方扫描光学系统形式,并在基本形式基础上加入摆镜,只通过二维摆镜的旋转达到扫描像面的目的,大大减小二维回转机构载荷,提高扫描速度,简化了系统结构,减小了系统体积。加入摆镜后的光学系统除具有基本形式像方扫描光学系统的性质外,还有了新的限制条件,对带摆镜的像方扫描光学系统进行了分析,提出了设计条件及设计方法,并设计出具有较大视场的像方扫描光学系统。     

碳化硅反射镜柔带磨削方案设计与验证

碳化硅材料比刚度高、导热性好、热稳定性好,是一种优良的反射镜材料,在空间光学遥感器是有着广泛的使用。同时,它具有硬度高、脆性大的特点,给反射镜加工带来困难,且加工周期长。本文比较了碳化硅材料不同加工技术的优缺点,选择了机器人柔性砂带磨削技术作为研究对象。针对某1550mm直径碳化硅反射镜坯加强筋的去除要求,设计了一套新型机器人柔带磨削系统,利用有限元方法对加工中的镜体应力进行了分析,并完成了某镜坯加强筋的去除,残余筋高度0.5mm～1mm。反射镜镜坯在完成镜面精磨、镀膜等处理后,利用干涉仪测试面形RMS 为0.0157λ（λ=632.8 nm）,满足使用需求。遥感器于2020年发射,反射镜在轨运行表现良好。     

辐射源红外均匀性测量仪的研制

文章简要阐述红外均匀性测量仪的主要技术要求、工作原理和设计。设计中采用模块化组成方式 ,由两维精密位移及其测量装置、控制系统、前测光系统、光电测量系统、软件及微机组成