Ship detection and classification from optical remote sensing images: A survey

Considering the important applications in the military and the civilian domain, ship detection and classification based on optical remote sensing images raise considerable attention in the sea surface remote sensing filed. This article collects the methods of ship detection and classification for practically testing in optical remote sensing images, and provides their corresponding feature extraction strategies and statistical data. Basic feature extraction strategies and algorithms are analyzed associated with their performance and application in ship detection and classification. Furthermore, publicly available datasets that can be applied as the benchmarks to verify the effectiveness and the objectiveness of ship detection and classification methods are summarized in this paper. Based on the analysis, the remaining problems and future development trends are provided for ship detection and classification methods based on optical remote sensing images.     

光学遥感运动补偿压缩成像

针对单像素相机的运动导致压缩成像品质下降问题,提出了运动补偿压缩成像方法。首先建立运动条件下压缩采样的精确模型,进而分析了逐帧重构与联合重构两种图像稀疏方法。同时探讨了所提方法对于更加复杂运动的适应性以及所提方法成像品质的分布特性。该方法利用成像系统的运动信息重新规整压缩采样,避免了由降低积分时间或者减少采样数导致的成像品质下降。数学仿真与半物理仿真表明,运动补偿压缩成像比未经补偿成像结果具有更好的成像品质。     

影响激光光斑测量系统作用距离因素分析

针对CCD器件对1．06μm激光信号探测的难点,提出了利用红外变像管加CCD摄像机的二次光电成像方法。描述了激光光斑成像系统的测量原理,对影响测量系统作用距离的因素作了详细的分析,给出了二次光电成像系统优化设计参数及试验结果。     

光电跟踪仪光轴一致性测量装置

设计了大口径离轴抛物面镜平行光管光学系统,研制了基于CCD图像采集处理的激光光斑中心坐标提取系统,研制了基于光栅尺的位移闭环控制系统,建立了光电跟踪仪光轴一致性参数测量装置。装置可用来测量光电跟踪仪激光发射轴、电视成像系统、红外成像跟踪系统三轴的一致性,测量不确定度为0.02mrad。     

星载光纤陀螺的最优调制深度

为了选取合适的调制深度以提高星载光纤陀螺在空间辐射环境下的工作性能,通过对闭环光纤陀螺输出信号的信噪比分析建立了光纤陀螺随机游走系数与调制深度的关系的模型。根据该模型对光纤辐射致衰减、光纤长度、光源光功率对最优调制深度的影响进行了仿真研究。结果表明：光纤辐射致衰减越小、光源光功率越大,则光纤陀螺的最优调制深度越大,且相应的随机游走系数越小。增加光纤长度将降低光纤陀螺的最优调制深度,当光纤衰减较大且光纤较长时,过调制技术可能会使光纤陀螺性能恶化。因此,在星载光纤陀螺的设计过程中应根据实际情况对调制深度进行优化,以保证陀螺获得最优的工作性能。理论分析和仿真结果为星载光纤陀螺最优调制深度的选取提供了依据。     

基于三维地形匹配的月球软着陆导航方法研究

针对月球探测器定点着陆任务的需要,研究了基于三维地形匹配的导航方法。对三维地形匹配问题,将高程方差图局部极值点作为三维地形特征,在构建地形特征之间的相对位置与角度不变量的基础上,提出了基于投票的三维地形匹配策略。针对测量噪声统计特性的不确定性,将Sage\|Husa噪声估计算子与迭代卡尔曼滤波相结合,通过对测量噪声进行在线估计有效避免滤波精度下降甚至滤波发散的出现。数字仿真结果表明所研究的导航方法能够有效地实现探测器相对位置和姿态的精确估计。     

基于立体观测的空间目标天基光学监视定位

利用天基观测平台实现对空间目标的有效监视是空间监视的发展方向和必然趋势。本文提出充分利用天基光学观测灵活性,采用基于双／多星立体观测定位的方法,提高空间目标监视定位效能,并就系统观测条件进行分析。     

CCD光学遥感器参数选择研究

介绍了由衍射受限非相干成像系统的衍射分辨率引出的截止频率及混叠的概念. 为了对采样成像系统获得的图像质量进行量化, 使用图像质量因子(λF/P)表示探测器对光学系统线扩散函数采样的程度. 进一步分析了光学遥感器参数选择与信噪比的关系. 选择实际的焦距9 m, F 数为18 的空间光学系统, 利用ZEMAX 软件的像模拟功能, 对选择8.75 μm 和13 μm 像元尺寸的CCD 所获得的图像进行了模拟仿真. 仿真获得的结果验证了图像质量因子和信噪比对图像分辨率的影响.      

The fundamental physics explorer: An ESA technology reference study

ESA technology reference studies are used as a process to identify key technologies and technical challenges of potential future missions not yet in the science programme. This paper reports on the study of the Fundamental Physics Explorer (FPE), a re-usable platform targeted to small missions testing fundamental laws of physics in space. The study addresses three specific areas of interest: special and general relativity tests based on atomic clocks, experiments on the Weak Equivalence Principle (WEP), and studies of Bose–Einstein condensates under microgravity conditions. Starting from preliminary science objectives and payload requirements, three reference missions in the small/medium class range are discussed, based on a re-adaptation of the LISA Pathfinder spacecraft. A 700/3600 km elliptic orbit has been selected to conduct clock tests of special and general relativity, a 700 km circular orbit to perform experiments on the Weak Equivalence Principle and to study Bose–Einstein condensates, each mission being based on a three-axis stabilised spacecraft. It was determined that adaptation of LISA Pathfinder would be required in order to meet the demands of the FPE missions. Moreover it was established that specific payload and spacecraft technology development would be required to realise such a programme.     

基于光强测量毛细超高压水射流集束性的实验研究

准确划分射流集束段和雾化段是研究射流集束性的前提。设计了一种基于光强定量测量集束性的方法。基于该方法对具有尖锐边缘孔口和类流线型出口流道的喷嘴,在超高压喷射条件下形成的水射流结构形态进行分析,并与直柱型出口流道喷嘴射流对比分析。结果表明:光强测量法能够比较准确地划分射流集束段和雾化段,区分雾化段中核心区和气液混合区;毛细超高压水射流的集束性在雷诺数影响下由喷嘴孔口结构、出口流道结构的综合作用决定;在一定雷诺数范围内,具有尖锐边缘孔口和类流线型出口流道的喷嘴有良好的集束性,当雷诺数达到1.8×104~1.9×104时,射流集束段长度趋于恒定;喷嘴出口流道结构通过气流调节,对射流集束性的影响在高雷诺数下可以忽略,空气动力扰动在高雷诺数下对射流集束性影响程度显著降低。