SAR/INS组合导航中基于SURF的鲁棒景象匹配算法

在SAR/INS组合导航系统中,由于合成孔径雷达采用正侧视成像工作方式,会引起SAR图像的严重变形,而且获取的SAR图像还可能存在严重的斑点噪声。为了适应SAR图像的几何畸变和高斑点噪声影响,需要提取出的图像特征具有较高的鲁棒性。本文提出了基于SURF的导航用鲁棒景象匹配算法,算法首先针对惯性组合导航的工作特点,对SURF特征匹配进行了改进和优化设计,然后用RANSAC方法过滤掉错误和低精度的匹配点,最后,进行最小二乘精确匹配获取航向和位置偏差信息。通过仿真分析了算法对SAR图像的适应性、抗斑点噪声性能,匹配精度以及实时性,并与基于SIFT特征的景象匹配算法进行了对比。仿真结果表明,所提出算法性能优越,在匹配适应性、鲁棒性、匹配精度及匹配速度方面都优于SIFT算法,可以满足SAR/INS组合导航系统图像匹配修正的高性能要求。     

基于SINS/GPS/CNS的机载综合导航系统故障诊断方法研究

传感器是导航系统中的重要部件,传感器故障容错性的分散化滤波,对提高系统的可靠性具有重要意义.以SINS/GPS/CNS组成的组合导航系统为研究对象,采用联邦滤波和方差交叉滤波相结合的方法,实现了对传感器故障具有容错性的分散化滤波,对导航系统的精度和容错性进行分析.仿真结果表明,将分散化滤波方法用于多个传感器组成的组合导航系统,不但具有精度高的特点,而且由于具有信息的冗余,整个系统具有较好的容错能力,可以提供更加完善、精确地反映运载体运动的导航信息.     

Autonomous Control Reconfiguration of Aerospace Vehicle Based on Control Effectiveness Estimation

未来空天飞行器跨空天两域飞行,要求有较高的自主性以适应由故障和环境变化带来的不确定因素。针对空天飞行器的不确定性,提出了自主控制重构方案。研究了线性模型的时变控制效益的估计方法,提出并证明了效益矩阵可估计的充分条件,给出了相应的算法并证明了其收敛性和对噪声的鲁棒性;提出了基于线性规划和模糊逻辑的控制分配算法,通过冗余效应器实现了不确定条件下的自主控制重构。系统集成和仿真结果分析验证了方案和算法的有效性。     

近地小推力转移轨道的加权组合制导策略

 研究了近地小推力转移轨道的制导问题,给出了一种基于局部最优控制律的自主制导算法。推导出了各改进春分点根数对应的局部最优控制律;通过最优推力分配和目标偏差两个策略,对各局部最优控制律进行动态加权组合,从而有效减少了制导律的设计参数。在此基础上,针对燃料最省转移轨道,定义了一种新的发动机开关函数。采用遗传/逐次二次规划混合优化算法计算了最优制导参数。与传统算法相比,该制导算法是一种闭环制导算法,能够实现飞行器的自主制导,并且制导过程中无需对制导参数进行更新。以地球低轨到高轨的小推力转移为例,采用该方法分别求解了时间和燃料最省转移问题,并与传统算法进行了比较分析。数值结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

Microstructure and Optical Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films

Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature.     

Periodic Error Compensation for Quartz MEMS Gyroscope Drift of INS

In order to improve the navigation accuracy of an inertial navigation system （INS）, composed of quartz gyroscopes, the existing real-time compensation methods for periodic errors in quartz gyroscope drift and the periodic error term relationship between sampled original data and smoothed data are reviewed. On the base of the results, a new compensation method called using former period characteristics to compensate latter smoothness data （UFCL for short） method is proposed considering the INS working characteristics. This new method uses the original data without smoothing to work out an error conversion formula at the INS initial alignment time and then compensate the smoothed data errors by way of the formula at the navigation time. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that this method is able to cut down on computational time and raise the accuracy which makes it a better real-time compensation approach for periodic error terms of quartz micro electronic mechanical system （MEMS） gyroscope＇s zero drift.     

Space time clock: An on-chip clock with 10-12 instability

High precision and stable clock is extremely important in communication and navigation. The miniaturization of the clocks is considered to be the trend to satisfy the demand for5G and the next generation communications. Based on the concept of meter bar and the principle of the constancy of light velocity, we designed a micro clock, Space Time Clock(STC), with the size smaller than 1 mm × 1 mm and the power dissipation less than 2 m W. Designed in integrated circuit of 0.18 μm technology, the in...     

考虑星历误差的天文测角/时间延迟量测组合导航方法

基于太阳震荡的时间延迟是一种新型天文导航量测量,可以提供探测器相对反射天体的距离信息,与星光角距量测量结合,可以提高导航性能。然而,星光角距量测模型与时间延迟量测模型均含有火卫一相对火星的位置矢量,火卫一的星历误差将影响导航精度。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于在线估计的天文测角/时间延迟量测组合导航方法,建立了包含火卫一位置及速度的状态模型,利用星光角距及时间延迟量测量同时对火卫一的位置和速度进行在线估计,仿真结果表明,提出的方法可以有效抑制火卫一星历误差对组合导航精度的影响,为探测器提供高精度的自主导航信息。     

基于IMU/FADS/无线电的火星上升器组合导航方案

以火星采样返回任务中火星表面上升为背景,研究了基于惯性测量单元（Inertial Measurement Unit, IMU）、嵌入式大气数据传感系统（Flush Air Data Sensing System, FADS）和无线电信标的组合导航方法。首先,在传统的IMU导航框架中加入由无线电测量获得的相对距离、速度信息,以及由FADS获取的动压、温度数据,建立了基于IMU、无线电和FADS的导航观测模型;然后,基于无迹卡尔曼滤波（Unscented Kalman Filter, UKF）技术对测量信息进行了融合,并压制了过程噪声和测量噪声,从而对上升器的状态进行了联合估计;最后,在数值仿真中,将UKF与自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波（Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter, AUKF）技术进行了对比,在比较不同滤波器性能的同时,验证了组合导航方法的有效性。     

GEO/IGSO混合区域导航星座的设计与优化算法

区域导航星座能够以较低成本和较短时间获得目标区域导航能力,且地球同步轨道是构建非极区区域导航星座的重要轨道类型.提出一种基于GEO(地球静止轨道)和IGSO(倾斜地球同步轨道)的区域导航星座设计方法.基于星下点轨迹特性构造对称星座设计参数和优化参数集,并考虑地球扁率长期摄动影响,计算星座轨道参数.以导航服务区的统计GD...