基于改进A*算法的UUV冰下避障航迹规划算法

针对冰下避障航迹规划问题,提出了一种基于改进A*算法的三维冰下避障航迹规划算法.不同于传统的A*航迹规划算法,该算法结合了人工势场航迹规划算法的思想,将水下地形碰撞约束、海冰碰撞约束以及UUV巡航高度约束重新编排.算法分析表明,该避障航迹规划算法能够有效增强UUV冰下避障能力与定深巡航高度控制能力.基于改进的A*冰下避障航迹规划算法,给出了上述约束的设计方法并进行了仿真验证.仿真结果表明,基于上述约束的航迹规划算法具有良好的避障能力、巡航高度控制能力以及航行距离控制能力.     

A homogenization-planning-tracking method to solve cooperative autonomous motion control for heterogeneous carrier dispatch systems

Taxiing aircraft and towed aircraft with drawbar are two typical dispatch modes on the flight deck of aircraft carriers. In this paper, a novel hierarchical solution strategy, named as the Homogenization-Planning-Tracking (HPT) method, to solve cooperative autonomous motion control for heterogeneous carrier dispatch systems is developed. In the homogenization layer, any towed aircraft system involved in the sortie task is abstracted into a virtual taxiing aircraft. This layer transforms the heterogeneous systems into a homogeneous configuration. Then in the planning layer, a centralized optimal control problem is formulated for the homogeneous system. Compared with conducting the path planning directly with the original heterogeneous system, the homogenization layer contributes to reduce the dimension and nonlinearity of the formulated optimal control problem in the planning layer and consequently improves the robustness and efficiency of the solution process. Finally, in the tracking layer, a receding horizon controller is developed to track the reference trajectory obtained in the planning layer. To improve the tracking performance, multi-objective optimization techniques are implemented offline in advance to determine optimal weight parameters used in the tracking layer. Simulations demonstrate that smooth and collision-free cooperative trajectory can be generated efficiently in the planning phase. And robust trajectory tracking can be realized in the presence of external disturbances in the tracking phase. The developed HPT method provides a promising solution to the autonomous deck dispatch for unmanned carrier aircraft in the future.     

复杂结构件工序模型自动构建技术研究

工序模型动态集成了航天产品及其零部件的设计、工艺、制造等信息，工序模型构建是航天制造领域三维工艺设计的关键内容，可为控制航天器制造工艺状态、提高加工质量提供使能工具。首先，介绍了正向和逆向两类建模方法的技术原理与特点，将主要建模方法分为特征法、工艺信息法两类;其次，深入分析了切削体造型等不同技术方法的原理与特点;最后，总结了该技术的关键问题并展望其发展方向。本文可为今后航天结构件工序模型自动构建技术的研究提供理论指导与支持。     

水下单信标导航航路规划和最优航路接近方法

相比于传统的长基线和超短基线等导航方式，水下单信标导航具有布放简单的优点，但其导航精度有待进一步提高。为此，提出了单信标导航的航路规划方案，通过泰勒级数展开推导了水平位置精度因子的表达式，并分析了导航点和声信标的相对几何位置关系对导航精度的影响，最终提出了航路规划方案。在此基础上，还提出了自主水下航行器(autonomous underwater vehicle，AUV)从其他位置接近最优航路的方法，包括两部分：一是建立以时延为观测量的滤波模型，利用滤波算法实时获取AUV的位置估计值；二是基于可观测度分析结果对最优航路接近过程的轨迹进行了设计。二者的结合使得AUV高效率且高精度地逼近最优航路。仿真证明了采用所提出的航路规划方案和最优航路接近方法可以提高导航精度，航路规划方案使得AUV位置估计的均方根误差近似为2 m。     

基于冲突分类与消解的多智能体路径规划算法设计CSCD

多智能体路径规划应用广泛但求解困难。为更好地处理多智能体路径规划中的路径冲突问题,提高求解效率,将冲突进一步分类为相向顶点冲突和交叉顶点冲突,并提出了对应的消解方式。相向顶点冲突的消解方法采用提前添加约束的方式,避免在消解其冲突的过程中产生另一个可预见的冲突;交叉顶点冲突的消解方法采用寻找最佳等待时间的方式,在消解其冲突的同时消解其他存在的冲突。两种冲突消解方法均可减小约束树的规模,在一定程度上减少算法的计算量。并提出了基于冲突搜索算法的高层节点冲突搜索算法。实验结果表明,所提出的冲突分类及消解方式有效地减小了算法高层中约束树的规模,降低了算法计算量,并在智能体密集的环境下表现出更大的优势。     

Time-optimal guidance for intercepting moving targets with impact-angle constraints

The minimum-time path for intercepting a moving target with a prescribed impact angle is studied in the paper. The candidate paths from Pontryagin’s maximum principle are synthesized,so that each candidate is related to a zero of a real-valued function. It is found that the real-valued functions or their first-order derivatives can be converted to polynomials of at most fourth degree.As a result, each candidate path can be computed within a constant time by embedding a standard polynomial solver...     

一种多目标变邻域模拟退火算法及成像星座任务规划方法

为提高成像星座观测任务的完成度和成像质量，提出一种多目标变邻域模拟退火算法(MOVNSA)。首先，分析了敏捷成像卫星观测任务约束和星上资源约束，构造了评价任务完成度和成像质量的目标函数，建立成像任务约束满足模型。然后通过设计多目标模拟退火算法中解的编码解码规则、变邻域搜索方法以及选拔淘汰机制，实现了观测任务成像时刻的滑动优化，兼顾提升了观测任务的完成度和成像质量。最后通过工程实例对多种算法进行测试和分析，结果表明该方法收敛速度快，优化效果好，可以在满足用户需求的前提下最大化任务的完成度。     

A novel visual servo method for space manipulators by planning jerk

A novel trajectory planning method for space manipulators is proposed in this article, which can generate trajectory in Cartesian space with continuous joint jerk. The key idea is that, given the desired position for an individual joint, the corresponding joint trajectory is generated in a way like a controller. The generated jerk acts as the controller’s output driving an ideal third-order system to arrive at the desired position, with no need for discrete points in advance. In real applications, the visual servo task is accomplished hierarchically. Since the desired pose in Cartesian space measured by cameras concerns multi degrees of freedom (DOF), desired positions for individual joints are obtained by inverse-kinematics model. Then, joint trajectories are generated as above. To improve the trajectory’s smoothness, a bridging matrix is implemented to ensure that the desired pose varies continuously. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method is effective to track targets with different kinds of motion, i.e. can track the input-bounded signal asymptotically.     

固定翼无人机编队的启发分布式模型预测控制

针对无人机编队飞行控制中队形保持、路径规划、重构、防撞等多重功能需求,采用启发型分布式模型预测控制框架,将需求转化为多目标优化问题中的代价函数与相容性约束求解,实现了对无人机编队飞行的一体化控制.同时,采用分阶段式的轨迹规划算法,融合模型预测轨迹规划与多项式轨迹规划,利用多项式轨迹系数实现高效的邻居轨迹信息交互,从而增大了模型预测控制的预测范围,并降低了规划控制过程中的计算量与通信量.最后,通过9架无人机的协同避障编队仿真,证明了该方法的有效性.     

分布式协同微纳遥感星群的智能控制系统关键技术

近年来，国内外微纳遥感星座发展不断加速，通过高频重访大幅提升了对地观测的时间分辨率，但是由于单颗微纳卫星观测能力受限，难以满足多源同步与融合、高品质、大幅宽等数据应用需求。为此，将星座与星簇相结合，以星座化分布满足高时间分辨率需求，以星座节点上的星簇协同观测获取多源、高品质、宽幅数据，构建基于微纳卫星的分布式协同遥感系统，是兼顾上述遥感应用需求的有效途径。智能分布式协同控制是该系统的核心关键，为此，必须研究解决星座+星簇大规模动态微纳遥感星群控制系统的分布协同自主导航、智能运动规划与控制、智能健康预测与管理、智能组网等关键技术难题。在梳理分析国内外分布式微纳遥感系统的基础上，给出分布式协同微纳遥感星群的概念内涵，分析其特有的四方面难题，梳理总结相关技术发展现状与趋势，以期为后续该方向的研究起到一定的借鉴作用。