基于失效概率的涡轮后机匣全局灵敏度分析

涡轮后机匣是航空发动机安全的关键部件,但是其具有工况复杂、不确定性因素多的缺点。为了探究输入随机变量的不确定性对涡轮后机匣结构失效概率的影响,建立参数化有限元模型进行确定性分析。考虑材料性能、几何参数及外部载荷的不确定性,对涡轮后机匣两种典型失效模式：强度失效以及刚度失效建立极限状态函数;通过构造自适应Kriging 代理模型并结合重要抽样方法评估涡轮后机匣结构失效概率,利用基于失效概率的全局灵敏度方法对涡轮后机匣结构可靠度的不确定性来源进行分析,对各输入随机变量重要性进行排序,构建一种涡轮后机匣全局灵敏度分析框架。结果表明：涡轮后机匣在两种失效模式以及系统失效模式下,发动机推力以及线性膨胀系数对结构失效概率影响最为显著,应对其重点考虑;内外机匣长度以及材料弹性模量对涡轮后机匣结构失效概率影响较小,可对其适当忽略。     

Study on segmented distribution for reliability evaluation

In practice, the failure rate of most equipment exhibits different tendencies at different stages and even its failure rate curve behaves a multimodal trace during its life cycle. As a result, traditionally evaluating the reliability of equipment with a single model may lead to severer errors. However, if lifetime is divided into several different intervals according to the characteristics of its failure rate, piecewise fitting can more accurately approximate the failure rate of equipment. There-fore, in this paper, failure rate is regarded as a piecewise function, and two kinds of segmented dis-tribution are put forward to evaluate reliability. In order to estimate parameters in the segmented reliability function, Bayesian estimation and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of the seg-mented distribution are discussed in this paper. Since traditional information criterion is not suit-able for the segmented distribution, an improved information criterion is proposed to test and evaluate the segmented reliability model in this paper. After a great deal of testing and verification, the segmented reliability model and its estimation methods presented in this paper are proven more efficient and accurate than the traditional non-segmented single model, especially when the change of the failure rate is time-phased or multimodal. The significant performance of the segmented reli-ability model in evaluating reliability of proximity sensors of leading-edge flap in civil aircraft indi-cates that the segmented distribution and its estimation method in this paper could be useful and accurate.     

金属表面腐蚀损伤演化过程的元胞自动机模拟

 用一个简单的元胞自动机从介观的角度对腐蚀环境中金属表面的腐蚀损伤演化过程进行研究。假定腐蚀体系为扩散过程控制的金属腐蚀体系,定义了简单的局部规则反映腐蚀现象中的基本化学物理过程,例如质量转移、金属溶解和钝化过程等。对于单个蚀坑,得到了蚀坑等效半径随模拟时间的变化曲线;对于多个蚀坑,认为蚀坑的成核时间服从威布尔分布,通过对该分布函数进行随机抽样,使得在不同时刻金属表面会随机产生大量的蚀坑,对金属表面的腐蚀损伤情况进行模拟,得到了表面腐蚀损伤度随模拟时间的变化规律。结果表明元胞自动机法可以用于腐蚀损伤演化过程的模拟,这对于更好地进行腐蚀损伤的量化及结构完整性的评估有着重要的实际意义。     

应变测量中干扰数据的分析及处理

文章阐述了某振动试验中应变测量的干扰数据的分析及处理。主要从应变测量原理及不同测量方式的差异及特点分析了干扰信号产生的根源,提出了解决干扰的方法。同时从扫描正弦数据处理理论和方法上对结构响应数据中干扰信号的异常现象进行了分析。     

Reliability and reliability sensitivity analysis of structure by combining adaptive linked importance sampling and Kriging reliability method

The application of reliability analysis and reliability sensitivity analysis methods to complicated structures faces two main challenges: small failure probability (typical less than 10⁻⁵) and time-demanding mechanical models. This paper proposes an improved active learning surrogate model method, which combines the advantages of the classical Active Kriging – Monte Carlo Simulation (AK-MCS) procedure and the Adaptive Linked Importance Sampling (ALIS) procedure. The proposed procedure can, on the one hand, adaptively produce a series of intermediate sampling density approaching the quasi-optimal Importance Sampling (IS) density, on the other hand, adaptively generate a set of intermediate surrogate models approaching the true failure surface of the rare failure event. Then, the small failure probability and the corresponding reliability sensitivity indices are efficiently estimated by their IS estimators based on the quasi-optimal IS density and the surrogate models. Compared with the classical AK-MCS and Active Kriging – Importance Sampling (AK-IS) procedure, the proposed method neither need to build very large sample pool even when the failure probability is extremely small, nor need to estimate the Most Probable Points (MPPs), thus it is computationally more efficient and more applicable especially for problems with multiple MPPs. The effectiveness and engineering applicability of the proposed method are demonstrated by one numerical test example and two engineering applications.     

A novel cooperative mid-course guidance scheme for multiple intercepting missiles

In the interception engagement,if the target movement information is not accurate enough for the mid-course guidance of intercepting missiles,the interception mission may fail as a result of large handover errors.This paper proposes a novel cooperative mid-course guidance scheme for multiple missiles to intercept a target under the condition of large detection errors.Under this scheme,the launch and interception moments are staggered for different missiles.The earlier launched missiles can obtain a relatively accurate detection to the target during their terminal guidance,based on which the latter missiles are permitted to eliminate the handover error in the mid-course guidance.A significant merit of this scheme is that the available resources are fully exploited and less missiles are needed to achieve the interception mission.To this end,first,the design of cooperative handover parameters is formulated as an optimization problem.Then,an algorithm based on Monte Carlo sampling and stochastic approximation is proposed to solve this optimization problem,and the convergence of the algorithm is proved as well.Finally,simulation experiments are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed cooperative scheme and algorithm.     

Acceptance sampling plan of accelerated life testing for lognormal distribution under time-censoring

Lognormal distribution is commonly used in engineering.It is also a life distribution of important research values.For long-life products follow this distribution,it is necessary to apply accelerated testing techniques to product demonstration.This paper describes the development of accelerated life testing sampling plans(ALSPs)for lognormal distribution under time-censoring conditions.ALSPs take both producer and consumer risks into account,and they can be designed to work whether acceleration factor(AF)is known or unknown.When AF is known,life testing is assumed to be conducted under accelerated conditions with time-censoring.The producer and consumer risks are satisfied,and the size of test sample and the size of acceptance number are optimized.Then sensitivity analyses are conducted.When AF is unknown,two or more predetermined levels of accelerated stress are used.The sample sizes and sample proportion allocated to each stress level are optimized.The acceptance constant that satisfies producer and consumer risk is obtained by minimizing the generalized asymptotic variance of the test statistics.Finally,the properties of the two ALSPs(one for known-AF conditions and one for unknownAF conditions)are investigated to show that the proposed method is correct and usable through numerical examples.     

提高空间光学遥感器有效分辨率的方法研究

亚像元成像技术是实现相机小型化、提高相机空间分辨率的有效方法。文章介绍了国内外主流的亚像元成像技术,分析了采样方式对标称分辨率及有效分辨率的影响。提出了基于倒易晶胞理论的自适应倒易晶胞用于调整错位频谱的方法,进一步提高了遥感器的有效分辨率。     

一种基于等效采样的周期信号谐波分析方法

为了突破周期信号谐波分析中采样保持与模数转换时间对分析信号频率范围的限制,将准均匀采样与等效采样相结合,提出了一种新的等效采样周期信号谐波分析方法。首先,给出了在奇数个信号周期内进行2的整数次方次均匀采样的等效采样谐波分析理论;其次,计入定时时钟周期对采样时间的影响,在等效采样中结合准均匀采样以实现同步采样;进一步分析了采样过程中的时间离散与幅值量化所带来的谐波分析误差;最后,给出了新的等效采样谐波分析的具体算法。借助含有小幅谐波分量的实验信号对等效采样谐波分析算法进行了数值仿真。理论分析和数值仿真均表明：新方法有效拓宽了分析信号的频率范围,并且可直接利用FFT进行快速计算。     

月球采样机械臂系统设计及试验验证

在对月球采样返回任务需求及探测器系统任务剖面进行分析的基础上，设计并研制了一种轻量化、大负载、高精度、宽采样范围月球采样机械臂系统。该系统主要由4自由度机械臂及两种不同采样形式的末端采样器组成，可对不同指定区域浅层月壤进行铲、挖、浅钻等多形式采集。在综合考虑机械臂系统器上布局的基础上，基于运动学模型对采样机械臂的可达采样区域进行仿真分析，提出采样机械臂月面采样策略。基于等尺寸着陆器模拟平台，开展了针对3种不同密实度模拟月壤的采样试验，采样试验结果表明在可达采样空间内，采样机械臂对不同密实度月壤均具有较好的适应性，最大采样深度可达30 mm，最大单次采样量可达270 g，单次采样时间小于2 min。