转子叶片加工误差对1.5级跨声速压气机气动性能的影响

压气机叶片加工误差不可避免,将在一定程度上影响压气机的气动性能.为研究叶片加工误差对跨声速压气机气动性能的影响,以燃气轮机进口1.5级跨声速压气机为对象,通过三坐标测量跨声速转子叶片叶型数据,获得了加工误差分布特征;针对实测转子叶片,采用三维CFD数值模拟方法,研究了轮廓度、位置度和扭转角综合误差对压气机转子和级特性线...     

数值仿真技术在热真空试验中的应用

由于热真空试验中温度测点有限,且关键部位布置困难,不能反映试验过程部件整体和关键部位的温度结果,导致试验有效性和产品安全性难以判断。通过数值仿真技术对试验过程进行模拟,得到所有部件详细温度场,验证试验有效性与产品安全性;发现影响产品温度分布的因素,研究提高产品可靠性措施。通过对某天线热真空试验过程模拟,得到天线详细温度场,并发现产品散热板安装＂不紧密＂缺陷,是影响天线温度均匀性的＂关键点＂。     

高精度电磁标定力数值模拟及实验研究

高精度电磁标定力源是微推力测量系统的重要组成要素之一。为了获得性能优良的电磁标定力,本文综合采用数值模拟及实验测量两种方法分析研究了线圈和永磁铁相对位置变化时,磁铁几何尺寸对电磁力输出特性的影响：对于直径较大、厚度较小的永磁铁而言,其电磁力随相对位置的变化会存在极值,且极值点附近的电磁力具有较好的稳定性和一致性。根据电磁力变化趋势特性,提出了线圈和永磁铁相对基准中心（极值点）位置的高精度设置方案,且基准中心位置附近的电磁力变异系数可达0.00252,为高性能电磁力的获得提供了基础。最后,确定了大直径永磁铁+线圈组合型电磁力产生装置,并基于拟合方法建立了一定包络区间内的高精度电磁力控制关系式,其拟合曲线的估计标准误差约为0.0137,为微推力测量台架的标定提供了理论指导和技术支持。     

运载火箭推进剂复杂流动传热问题数值模拟中的模型简化方法

在运载火箭改进优化或新型运载火箭设计过程中,会遇到各种复杂的流动与传热问题。按照真实产品和物理过程直接建立的数值计算模型过于复杂,不同尺度的结构、流动与传热、长时间的飞行过程相互耦合,出现计算时间太长(数年)、收敛困难、程序调试困难等问题。针对初始条件复杂、飞行过程复杂、边界条件复杂3类具体问题,总结了3种相应的模型简化方法,分别是工程经验法、极限参数法、低维近似法,为推进剂复杂流动与传热的数值模拟提供参考。     

水陆两栖飞机方向舵附面层控制研究

水陆两栖飞机采用增升手段降低起降速度后,需要提高方向舵的操纵能力。将吹气式附面层控制方法应用到水陆两栖飞机的垂尾上,建立其二维模型并进行数值模拟,设计垂尾安定面与方向舵之间的缝道挡板,防止迎风一侧的高压气流冲击背风面、阻碍吹气气流附着;研究垂尾安定面后缘和前缘吹气共同作用的组合吹气方案,防止方向舵较早失速。结果表明:垂尾采用吹气式附面层控制之后,结合缝道挡板和组合吹气,方向舵操纵能力可提高1倍左右。     

A comparative and numerical study of effects of gravity waves in small miss-distance and miss-time GPS radio occultation temperature profiles

The Global Positioning System (GPS) Radio Occultation (RO) technique has global coverage and is capable of generating high vertical resolution temperature profiles of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere with sub-Kelvin accuracy and long-term stability, regardless of weather conditions. In this work, we take advantage of the anomalously high density of occultation events at the eastern side of the highest Andes Mountains during the initial mission months of COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate). This region is well-known for its high wave activity. We choose to study two pairs of GPS RO, both containing two occultations that occurred close in time and space. One pair shows significant differences between both temperature profiles. Numerical simulations with a mesoscale model were performed, in order to understand this discrepancy. It is attributed to the presence of a horizontal inhomogeneous structure caused by gravity waves.     

Gravity wave momentum flux generation close to mid-latitude Andes in mesoscale simulations of late 20th and 21st centuries

Adequate representations of diverse dynamical processes in general circulation models (GCM) are necessary to obtain reliable simulations of the present and the future. The parameterization of orographic gravity wave drag (GWD) is one of the critical components of GCM. It is therefore convenient to evaluate whether standard orographic GWD parameterizations are appropriate. One alternative is to study the generation of gravity waves (GW) with horizontal resolutions that are higher than those used in current GCM simulations. Here we assess the seasonal pattern of topographic GW momentum flux (GWMF) generation for the late 20th and 21st centuries in a downscaling using the Rossby Centre regional atmospheric model under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A1B emission conditions. We focus on one of the world’s strongest extra-tropical GW zones, the Andes Mountains at mid-latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. The presence of two GCM sub-grid scale structures locally contributing to GWMF (one positive and one negative) is found to the East of the mountains. For the late 21st century the strength of these structures during the GW high season increases around 23% with respect to the late 20th century, but the GWMF average over GCM grid cell scales remains negative and nearly constant around −0.015 Pa. This constitutes a steady significant contribution during GW high season, which is not related to the GWMF released by individual sporadic strong GW events. This characteristic agrees with the fact that no statistically significant variation in GWMF at source level has been observed in recent GCM simulations of atmospheric change induced by increases in greenhouse gases.     

分区和有限容积法计算长尾喷管中的湍流流动

为了给长尾喷管热防护结构设计提供热边界条件，从轴对称二维雷诺平均N－S方程出发，采用分区算法和有限容积法计算了长尾喷管中的湍流流动，分析了流场的结构特性，提出了长尾喷管中燃气温度，压强和马赫数分布的某些规律以及燃气温度沿壁面的分布，计算和分析结果提出了长尾喷管热防护结构设计应注意的事项。     

环型超声速空气引射器零二次流流场数值研究

采用二维轴对称雷诺平均方程和标准κ-ε双方程湍流模型，数值研究了环型超声速引散器零二次流的流场结构及盲腔压强的变化，空间上采用二阶迎风格式进行耦合求解，时间上采用显示的Runge-Kutta方法进行迭代推进。结果表明，引射器几何参数不变的情况下，启动后的盲腔压强与引射气流总压之比为一常数；喷管马赫数不变情况下，喷管出口面积与混合室入口面积比越小，盲腔压强越低，扩压器性能越好，启动要求的总压越低，对超声速空气引射器的设计具有指导意义。     

侧向多喷流流场数值研究

为研究侧向喷流对高超声速拦截弹喷流直接力控制性能的影响，发展了在有限体积离散方法框架下的三维非定常N—S方程，采用LU—SSOR隐式时间推进格式和残值项空间迎风型格式求解技术，对大气层内高超声速拦截弹多个姿态控制喷流发动机同时工作时的干扰流场进行了数值求解。计算给出了自由流与侧喷流、侧喷流与侧喷流之间复杂干扰流场结构图(等压云图、等马赫云图)以及喷流附近的压强分布，其结果与单一侧向喷流流场情况进行了比较和分析。结果显示，喷流前的压强场基本不受后喷流的影响，处于前喷流尾流区后的喷流的干扰效率将受到较大影响。