稳态加速度模拟试验设备： 离心机设计（8）

文章分3篇10章详细介绍了稳态加速度模拟试验设备--离心机的设计.上篇对稳态加速度环境及其效应、试验方法和相关标准作了阐述;中篇(上)系统介绍国内外该类离心机发展的基本历程、概貌及典型离心机结构细节,并对其适当予以小结与点评;中篇(下)对离心机运动学进行基本理论分析,研究总体设计和部件设计问题,提出离心机设计原则及相应计算方法;下篇通过一个国家"七五"科技攻关项目的研制报告作为实例,提供读者进行具体设计时参考.文中,作者对多年累积的技术资料与实践心得进行了系统整理与归纳,力求梳理出一条研制稳态加速度模拟用离心机的设计思路与实用程序,使其兼具资料性、技术性与实用性.该文对相关领域的研究者和技术人员将有一定启发与助益,对其他类同设备设计也有某些触类旁通作用,对该专业有兴趣的读者也可作为参考读物.文章主要探讨的对象是中型、大型、特大型航空航天离心机,土工离心机和载人离心机.在第5章中主要介绍了中国的离心机,包括:长江科学院、中国工程物理研究院、中国直升机设计研究所、中国空间技术研究院研制的各类土工离心机及载人离心机概况,重点就其总体布局、主机结构进行了研究,尽可能提供设备外形及细节详图,并予以点评.     

×××机翼主梁的寿命分布研究

本文通过运用Ｗ∧２统计量的检验方法对ＸＸＸ飞机八个失效的机翼主梁寿命分布进行了检验,得出该主梁寿命分布为威布尔分布。     

武器系统小样本场合下的区间估计

介绍了区间估计的一般方法 ,针对武器系统试验次数少的特点 ,讨论了小样本条件下武器系统战术技术性能指标的置信区间估计的估计方法 ,并以示例进行了说明     

利用航天器分舱段振动试验数据获取整器响应的方法

未来大型组合体航天器振动试验可能难以在现有设备上进行,需要进行分舱考核。文章针对此问题开展了利用分舱段振动试验获取整器响应的方法研究。提出的方法为:根据不同界面下模态的映射关系,利用单舱段的振动试验数据辨识出舱段的两端固支模态;采用模态综合技术计算出整器组合体模态参数,拟合出结构的加速度响应传递函数;结合整器的加速度试验条件可以给出整器的试验响应曲线。仿真验证结果表明该方法合理可行,具有工程应用价值。     

一种验证科氏加速度存在的实验装置及其动力学分析

科氏加速度是理论力学中公认的教学重点和难点,如何将科氏加速度形象地展示出来一直是学者与高校老师追求的目标。针对这一知识点,结合地球仪的外形,巧妙地实现了小球在科氏地球仪上旋转运动和直线运动的完美结合。根据科氏加速度理论,设计转速可调的旋转平台,在平台上设置能实现不同速度的直线运动装置,小球在旋转平台上作直线运动,从而受到科氏力的作用。初始状态时,安装在运动装置内的钢球处于平衡状态;工作时,由于科氏力的作用,钢球压迫弹簧,弹簧发生变形,利用滑轮、引线和位移补偿丝杆组成的传递机构,将弹簧变形量传递到显示装置,从而显示科氏加速度的存在。与现有科氏加速度验证实验装置所不同的是,此装置结构新颖,能吸引学生深入理解和掌握科氏加速度的概念。     

正态单边可靠性经典精确下限的新程序

本文给出了正态分布单边可靠性经典精确下限的一种新的计算方法及程序。该程序比国标GB4885-85提供的程序能大量节省机时。     

Cosmic ray acceleration by supernova shocks

We analyse the results of recent measurements of nonthermal emission from individual supernova remnants (SNRs) and their correspondence to the nonlinear kinetic theory of cosmic ray (CR) acceleration in SNRs. It is shown that the theory fits these data in a satisfactory way and provides the strong evidences for the efficient CR production in SNRs accompanied by significant magnetic field amplification. Magnetic field amplification leads to considerable increase of CR maximum energy so that the spectrum of CRs accelerated in SNRs is consistent with the requirements for the formation of Galactic CR spectrum up to the energy ∼10¹⁷ eV.     

基于离心加速度信息的单站无源测距定位方法

针对只测向（B0）方法具有收敛速度慢、定位误差大等缺点，提出了一种利用角度及其变化率、离心加速度等信息进行单站无源测距定位的新方法。对该方法的单次测距误差进行了分析，经多次测量定位计算机仿真结果表明，该方法比只测角定位方法、角度及其变化率定位方法具有更高的定位精度和更快的收敛速度，并且具有更广的应用范围。     

The role of radial perpendicular diffusion and latitude dependent acceleration along the solar wind termination shock

A numerical model, based on Parker’s transport equation, describing the modulation of anomalous cosmic rays and containing diffusive shock acceleration is applied. The role of radial perpendicular diffusion at the solar wind termination shock, and as the dominant diffusion coefficient in the outer heliosphere, is studied, in particular the role it plays in the effectiveness of the acceleration of anomalous protons and helium when its latitude dependence is changed. It is found that the latitudinal enhancement of radial perpendicular diffusion towards the heliospheric poles and along the termination shock has a prominent effect on the acceleration of these particles. It results in a ‘break’ in the energy spectrum for anomalous protons at ∼6.0 MeV, causing the spectral index to change from E^−1.38 to E^−2.23, but for anomalous helium at ∼3.0 MeV, changing the spectral index from E^−1.38 to E^−2.30. When approaching the simulated TS, the changes in the modulated spectra as they unfold to a ‘steady’ power law shape at energies below 50 MeV are much less prominent as a function of radial distances when radial perpendicular diffusion is increased with heliolatitude.     

Distribution and variability of accelerated electrons at Mars

We investigate accelerated electrons observed by Mars Global Surveyor (MGS), using data from the Electron Reflectometer (ER) instrument. We find three different types of accelerated electron events. Current sheet events occur over regions with weak or no crustal fields, have the highest electron energy fluxes, and are likely located on draped magnetotail fields. Extended events occur over regions with moderate crustal magnetic fields, and are most often observed on closed magnetic field lines. Localized events have the lowest energy fluxes, occur in strong magnetic cusp regions, and are the most likely kind of event to be found on open magnetic field lines. Some localized events have clear signatures of field-aligned currents; these events have much higher electron fluxes, and are preferentially observed on radially oriented open magnetic field lines. Electron acceleration events, especially localized events, are similar in many ways to events observed in the terrestrial auroral zone. However, physical processes related to those found in the terrestrial cusp and/or plasmasheet could also be responsible for accelerating electrons at Mars.