残差滤波及其在密集多回波环境下机动多目标跟踪中的应用

 修正概率数据关联滤波（MPDAF）是目前解决密集多回波环境下机动多目标跟踪较为有效的方法,但当回波密度增高时,该方法容易失跟。本文针对此特点,在MPDAF基础上,提出了残差滤波（RF）方法,分别从理论和Monte carlo仿真两方面揭示了RF与数据关联的内在机理,结果表明该方法能大幅度提高跟踪滤波器捕捉目标和剔除关联域内多余回波的能力以及跟踪的性能,是一种解决高密集多回波环境下机动多目标跟踪的有效方法。     

Roll-pitch-yaw autopilot design for nonlinear time-varying missile using partial state observer based global fast terminal sliding mode control

The acceleration autopilot design for skid-to-turn (STT) missile faces a great challenge owing to coupling effect among planes, variation of missile velocity and its parameters, inexistence of a complete state vector, and nonlinear aerodynamics. Moreover, the autopilot should be designed for the entire flight envelope where fast variations exist. In this paper, a design of inte-grated roll-pitch-yaw autopilot based on global fast terminal sliding mode control (GFTSMC) with a partial state nonlinear observer (PSNLO) for STT nonlinear time-varying missile model, is employed to address these issues. GFTSMC with a novel sliding surface is proposed to nullify the integral error and the singularity problem without application of the sign function. The pro-posed autopilot consisting of two-loop structure, controls STT maneuver and stabilizes the rolling with a PSNLO in order to estimate the immeasurable states as an output while its inputs are missile measurable states and control signals. The missile model considers the velocity variation, gravity effect and parameters’ variation. Furthermore, the environmental conditions’ dynamics are mod-eled. PSNLO stability and the closed loop system stability are studied. Finally, numerical simula-tion is established to evaluate the proposed autopilot performance and to compare it with existing approaches in the literature.     

基于扩展状态观测器的电动负载模拟器反演滑模控制

针对电动负载模拟器中存在的强位置扰动、摩擦、间隙非线性以及参数时变等不确定干扰,提出了一种基于扩展状态观测器的反演滑模控制策略。基于反演设计的思想,将电动负载模拟器分解为负载力矩子系统和永磁同步电机驱动子系统。对负载力矩子系统,利用带有滤波器的扩展状态观测器,消除量测噪声对系统的影响,同时估计出系统中存在的干扰,而后采用比例趋近滑模控制律,得出负载力矩子系统所对应的虚拟控制量;对永磁同步电机驱动子系统,利用常规扩展状态观测器估计出子系统中的复合扰动,采用非奇异终端滑模控制律,消除观测误差以及干扰对系统的影响,并得出系统所需的最终控制量。最后,利用李雅普诺夫方法证明了电动负载模拟器的稳定性,并通过实验验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Backstepping design of missile guidance and control based on adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control

This paper presents an integrated missile guidance and control law based on adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control. The integrated model is formulated as a block-strict-feedback nonlinear system, in which modeling errors, unmodeled nonlinearities, target maneuvers, etc. are viewed as unknown uncertainties. The adaptive nonlinear control law is designed based on backstepping and sliding mode control techniques. An adaptive fuzzy system is adopted to approximate the coupling nonlinear functions of the system, and for the uncertainties, we utilize an online-adaptive control law to estimate the unknown parameters. The stability analysis of the closed-loop system is also conducted. Simulation results show that, with the application of the adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control, small miss distances and smooth missile trajectories are achieved, and the system is robust against system uncertainties and external disturbances.     

基于自适应滤波的电控旋翼桨距控制试验

提出了基于自适应滤波的电控旋翼桨距控制方法,并基于此开发了双闭环电控旋翼桨距控制系统,利用模型电控旋翼试验台进行了悬停状态下的桨距控制试验.试验结果表明:所研制的双闭环电控旋翼桨距控制系统能够有效、可靠地实现襟翼操纵和桨距控制.基于自适应滤波的桨距控制律可以很好地实现电控旋翼的总距、周期变距以及总距耦合周期变距操纵;桨距响应幅值满足要求,相位滞后约在10°～15°之间;从襟翼偏转到桨叶变距响应的滞后约20°～30°.不同桨叶/襟翼自身的结构及气动特性差异,会一定程度的影响桨距控制的实际效果.      

一类智能控制器及其在水浴箱控制中的应用

提出了一种智能控制新方法,其特点是控制决策不仅是直接控制作用输出,而且还包含了解析算法,改善了通常基于规则的智能控制器的稳态性能。实际应用于大型水浴箱的非线性温度控制系统取得了良好的效果。     

Inner Attitude Integration Algorithm Based on Fault Detection for Strapdown Inertial Attitude and Heading Reference System

This article proposes a new inner attitude integration algorithm to improve attitude accuracy of the strapdown inertial attitude and heading reference system(SIAHRS), which, by means of a Kalman filter, integrates the calculated attitude from the accelerometers in inertial measuring unit(IMU), called damping attitudes, with those from the conventional IMU. As vehicle's acceleration could produce damping attitude errors, the horizontal outputs from accelerometers are firstly used to judge the vehicle's motion so as to determine whether the damping attitudes could be reasonably applied. This article also analyzes the limitation of this approach. Furthermore, it suggests a residual chi-square test to judge the validity of damping attitude measurement in real time, and accordingly puts forward proper information fusion strategy. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is proved through the experiments on a real system in dynamic and static states.     

基于中值滤波和参考点的风洞压敏涂料试验图像处理技术

提出了一种结合图像中值滤波和试件参考点的风洞压敏涂料（PSP）试验图像数据处理方法。与通常用校准箱获取校准曲线进而得到PSP试验试件表面压力或压力系数（Cp）的方法不同,该方法通过空心中值滤波技术恢复PSP光强比图像中测压孔处的光强比数据,结合若干参考点处常规测压技术实测所得Cp值,获得Cp值和PSP图像光强比数据的关系曲线,进而得到整个试件表面的Cp值数据,该方法获得的数据结合了风洞试验诸多因素对试验结果的影响。利用MATLAB对PSP技术试验图像数据进行了处理,并将PSP方法获得的Cp值与常规测压方法获得的Cp值进行了比较,得到的结果显示,笔者采用的方法获得的Cp值与常规测压方法获得的Cp值吻合较好。该方法为PSP图像数据的处理提供了一种新的方法,具有较大的发展潜力和应用价值。     

可重复使用助推器调姿转弯段的控制系统设计

针对可重复使用助推器（RBV）强非线性、强耦合、多输入/多输出的特点,在姿态变化剧烈及空域变化广的调姿转弯阶段,采用非线性动态逆控制方法设计RBV的姿态控制系统。根据时标分离原则及奇异摄动理论,将系统分为快慢两回路子系统。对所需的总控制力矩进行控制分配,由空气舵和反作用控制系统（RCS）共同执行。仿真结果表明：由该法可获得较好的动态性能和鲁棒性。     

外语学习中情感因素的调查与研究

外语学习中的情感因素主要是指学生们对外语学习所产生的情绪与感受,主要包括学习者的态度,动机与需求,自尊、自信与冒险心及焦虑情绪等。本文笔者通过对农村学生与城市学生的外语学习中的情感策略调查及分析,论述了对外语学习产生正面影响(如自信、冒险心等)的情感因素和一些对外语学习会产生极其负面的影响(如焦虑)的情感因素。并说明了外语教师除了传授知识和学习策略外,还应注重学生的情感教育。注意培养学生的学习动机,利用多元智能理论指导,培养学生的自信心缓解学生焦虑情绪。