Practical compensation for nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system

The real dynamic thrust measurement system usually tends to be nonlinear due to the complex characteristics of the rig, pipes connection, etc. For a real dynamic measuring system,the nonlinearity must be eliminated by some adequate methods. In this paper, a nonlinear model of dynamic thrust measurement system is established by using radial basis function neural network(RBF-NN), where a novel multi-step force generator is designed to stimulate the nonlinearity of the system, and a practical compensation method for the measurement system using left inverse model is proposed. Left inverse model can be considered as a perfect dynamic compensation of the dynamic thrust measurement system, and in practice, it can be approximated by RBF-NN based on least mean square(LMS) algorithms. Different weights are set for producing the multi-step force, which is the ideal input signal of the nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system. The validity of the compensation method depends on the engine’s performance and the tolerance error0.5%, which is commonly demanded in engineering. Results from simulations and experiments show that the practical compensation using left inverse model based on RBF-NN in dynamic thrust measuring system can yield high tracking accuracy than the conventional methods.     

基于EM-KF算法的直升机主减速器剩余寿命预测方法

为解决间接状态监测数据下直升机主减速器剩余寿命预测难以估算的难题,提出了一种卡尔曼滤波和期望最大化算法相结合的剩余寿命预测方法.该方法可以根据不断更新振动信号特征值迅速且有效地估计出模型参数,进而预测不同运行时间主减速器的剩余寿命分布,最后对主减速器试验数据进行了案例分析.结果表明:该方法能够有效估计主减速器的剩余寿命分布,通过与主减速器剩余寿命准确值对比发现,剩余寿命准确值绝大多数落于剩余寿命预测值的95%置信区间内,表明该方法具有好的准确性,进而避免故障的发生.      

基于混合特征匹配的微惯性/激光雷达组合导航方法

微惯性/激光雷达(MEMS IMU/LADAR)组合导航系统在室内应用时,由于室内结构化环境下环境特征(如点和线段)分布稀疏,传统的单一特征匹配算法存在观测盲区,易造成导航定位参数估计误差大的问题。基于此,研究了激光雷达自适应数据分割方法的点和线段的特征提取算法,提出了基于混合特征匹配观测模型的MEMS IMU/LADR扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法。同时,设计了MEMS IMU/LADR组合导航试验样机,在室内环境下通过试验对滤波算法进行了验证。结果表明:提出的算法在室内结构化环境下相比传统单一点或线特征匹配组合定位算法的定位精度可提高60%,对于小型旋翼无人飞行器在室内结构化环境中的高精度定位具有较高的参考意义。     

基于干扰观测器的高超声速飞行器预测控制器设计

针对具有强耦合特性与模型不确定性特点的高超声飞行器控制问题,提出一种新型的姿态预测控制器设计方法。引入参考模型,建立了飞行器姿态预测控制模型。基于此,利用预测理论设计了飞行器的预测控制器,同时设计了干扰观测器实时观测外界未知干扰来进行补偿控制,从而实现滚动优化的目的;基于干扰观测值与真值的误差,利用Lyapunov稳定性理论,确定了控制精度与预测步长大小的关系;最后,在参数标称与拉偏的情形下进行了高超声速飞行器姿态控制系统仿真,仿真结果表明,干扰观测器能快速跟踪干扰,并且所设计的预测步长可以满足飞行器高精度的控制要求。     

区域杂波估计的多目标跟踪方法

高斯粒子概率假设密度（PHD）滤波往往假定杂波密度参数已知,这种做法对于实际应用是不现实的。此外,杂波的参数值通常依赖于环境条件,可能随时间发生变化。因此,多目标跟踪算法中需要实时准确估计杂波密度的参数。基于此,提出了一种多目标跟踪的区域杂波估计方法。首先根据量测信息在线估计出场景中的杂波数目,然后估计落入目标附近感兴趣区域的杂波数,并估计每个目标感兴趣区域杂波强度。仿真结果表明,在复杂场景下算法的跟踪性能明显优于未进行杂波估计的多目标跟踪算法,提高了跟踪的实时性和跟踪精度。     

Adaptive Gaussian sum squared-root cubature Kalman filter with split-merge scheme for state estimation

The paper deals with state estimation problem of nonlinear non-Gaussian discrete dynamic systems for improvement of accuracy and consistency. An efficient new algorithm called the adaptive Gaussian-sum square-root cubature Kalman filter（AGSSCKF） with a split-merge scheme is proposed. It is developed based on the squared-root extension of newly introduced cubature Kalman filter（SCKF） and is built within a Gaussian-sum framework. Based on the condition that the probability density functions of process noises and initial state are denoted by a Gaussian sum using optimization method, a bank of SCKF are used as the sub-filters to estimate state of system with the corresponding weights respectively, which is adaptively updated. The new algorithm consists of an adaptive splitting and merging procedure according to a proposed split-decision model based on the nonlinearity degree of measurement. The results of two simulation scenarios（one-dimensional state estimation and bearings-only tracking） show that the proposed filter demonstrates comparable performance to the particle filter with significantly reduced computational cost.     

Gust response analysis and wind tunnel test for a high-aspect ratio wing

A theoretical nonlinear aeroelastic response analysis for a flexible high-aspect ratio wing excited by harmonic gust load is presented along with a companion wind tunnel test. A multidisci-plinary coupled numerical calculation is developed to simulate the flexible model wing undergoing gust load in the time domain via discrete nonlinear finite element structural dynamic analysis and nonplanar unsteady vortex lattice aerodynamic computation. A dynamic perturbation analysis about a nonlinear static equilibrium is also used to determine the small perturbation flutter bound-ary. A novel noncontact 3-D camera measurement analysis system is firstly used in the wind tunnel test to obtain the spatial large deformation and responses. The responses of the flexible wing under different static equilibrium states and frequency gust loads are discussed. The fair to good quanti-tative agreements between the theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the presented analysis method is an acceptable way to predict the geometrically nonlinear gust response for flex-ible wings.     

一种基于历史标校数据的移相值预测方法

地面测控设备在执行测控任务前,需要对和差接收通道的相位差进行标校(简称校相),以满足测角分系统的目标自跟踪要求.针对因标校设备故障而无法进行校相的问题,通过使用数理统计的多元回归分析方法,对积累的历史标校数据进行分析,确定了设备工作的环境温度对跟踪接收机移相值有显著影响.在此基础上,利用滑动窗口多项式拟合方法得到拟合移相值,并与最近一次的标校移相值进行时变加权,可以得到基于历史标校数据的移相值预测方法.仿真试验表明该方法具有较好的预测精度,可将预测移相值作为跟踪接收机参数,提高测控设备应急测控能力.     

一种星敏感器-陀螺组合定姿的实时在轨标定方法

研究了一种星敏感器一陀螺组合定姿方式中的姿态敏感器误差的实时在轨标定方法。首先,选择直观的欧拉角作为姿态描述参数,根据星敏感器和陀螺的测量原理建立星敏感器一陀螺在轨标定的测量方程和状态方程,并以此建立数学模型。其次,采用简单高效的EKF（ExtendedKalmanFilter,扩展卡尔曼滤波）作为估值算法,进行了在轨标定数值仿真。对于航天器姿态定向中出现的姿态角和星敏感器安装角之间的耦合问题,通过在特定姿态通道上施加简单姿态机动实现了解耦。数值结果表明,该实时在轨标定方法,尤其是所提出的姿态角和星敏感器安装角解耦策略,可以实现对航天器姿态的实时精确估计以及对星敏感器安装误差、陀螺常值漂移和相关漂移等误差的实时在轨标定。该方法可用于航天器姿态测量设备的实时在轨标定和航天器姿态的高精度实时确定。     

基于联邦滤波的容错组合导航系统仿真分析

设计INS／GPS组合导航系统时,考虑到观测量GPS位置和速度是正相关的,可通过降低单个滤波器的维度形成两个局部滤波器,主滤波器融合局部滤波器的状态估计,得到整个组合导航系统的误差状态估计值。同时,根据各局部滤波器的故障情况选择输出,仅利用未失效系统的局部滤波器得到可靠的最优误差状态估计值,使得容错性能大大提高。结果表明,由于采用了并行运算,增加了系统的余度,有效提高了导航系统的精度和可靠性,有较好的容错性和环境适应性,具有较高的应用价值。