Is the North Atlantic Oscillation modulated by solar and lunar cycles? Some evidences from Hurst autocorrelation analysis

Several studies have suggested that the Sun and Moon cycles affect the Earth climatic dynamics. Nevertheless, there is a long-standing controversy whether solar variability and tides can significantly generate climate change, and how this may occur. Spectral analysis of climatic indices has provided only indirect evidences of the effects of solar–tidal periodicities in the Earth climate. This work addresses the issue by considering the dynamics of the daily North Atlantic Oscillation index over the period from 1950 to 2009. In contrast to previous studies, this work proposes that external cycles can be detected in the autocorrelation dynamics rather than in the raw North Atlantic Oscillation index series. Here, the R/S-scaling analysis is used to quantify, via the so-called Hurst exponent, the presence of autocorrelations along the studied years. Fourier analysis scan of the autocorrelation series thus show two prominent spectral components near (±3%) the lunar tidal 4.425 and the solar 11 years cycles. Intermediate spectral components near 6.4, 7.75 and 8.9 years are proposed to be, at least partially, a result of energy capture from internal mechanisms into cycles resulting from the nonlinear resonance of the fundamental solar–tidal cycles. The dominant effect of the solar variability is clarified by showing that in about 70% of the studied period the sunspot number and the Hurst exponent phases are synchronized, indicating that a higher solar activity enhances the North Atlantic Oscillation index predictability.     

Shear flow energy redistribution stipulated by the internal-gravity wavy structures in the dissipative ionosphere

The linear mechanism of generation, intensification and further nonlinear dynamics of internal gravity waves (IGW) in stably stratified dissipative ionosphere with non-uniform zonal wind (shear flow) is studied. In case of the shear flows the operators of linear problem are non-selfadjoint, and the corresponding Eigen functions – nonorthogonal. Thus, canonical – modal approach is of less use studying such motions. Non-modal mathematical analysis becomes more adequate for such problems. On the basis of non-modal approach, the equations of dynamics and the energy transfer of IGW disturbances in the ionosphere with a shear flow is obtained. Exact analytical solutions of the linear as well as the nonlinear dynamic equations of the problem are built. The increment of shear instability of IGW is defined. It is revealed that the transient amplification of IGW disturbances due time does not flow exponentially, but in algebraic – power law manner. The effectiveness of the linear amplification mechanism of IGW at interaction with non-uniform zonal wind is analyzed. It is shown that at initial linear stage of evolution IGW effectively temporarily draws energy from the shear flow significantly increasing (by an order of magnitude) own amplitude and energy. With amplitude growth the nonlinear mechanism turns on and the process ends with self-organization of nonlinear solitary, strongly localized IGW vortex structures (the monopole vortex, the transverse vortex chain or the longitudinal vortex street). Accumulation of these vortices in the ionospheric medium can create the strongly turbulent state.     

非齐次项为β^nPl（n）的常系数线性递推关系求特解方法

就非齐次项为βｎ与ｎ的多项式Ｐｌ（ｎ）乘积的常系数线性非齐次递推关系，给出了求特解的一般方法。     

Love Waves in Layered Graded Composite Structures with Imperfectly Bonded Interface

Theoretical analysis and numerical calculations of Love wave propagation in layered graded composites with imperfectly bonded interface are described in this paper. On the basis of WKB method, the approximate analytic solutions for Love waves are obtained. By the interface shear spring model, the dispersion relations for Love waves in layered graded composite structures with rigid, slip, and imperfectly bonded interfaces are given, and the effects of the interface conditions on the phase velocities of Love waves in SiC/Al lay- ered graded composites are discussed. Numerical analysis shows that the phase velocity decreases when the defined flexibility parameter is greater. For the general imperfectly bonded interface, the phase velocity changes in the range of the velocities for the rigid and slip interface conditions.     

Prediction of nonlinear pilot-induced oscillation using an intelligent human pilot model

This paper proposes a method to predict nonlinear Pilot-Induced Oscillation (PIO) using an intelligent human pilot model. This method is based on a scalogram-based PIO metric, which uses wavelet transforms to analyze the nonlinear characteristics of a time-varying system. The intelligent human pilot model includes three modules: perception module, decision and adaptive module, and execution module. Intelligent and adaptive features, including a neural network receptor, fuzzy decision and adaptation, are also introduced into the human pilot model to describe the behavior of the human pilot accommodating the nonlinear events. Furthermore, an algorithm is proposed to describe the procedure of the PIO prediction method with nonlinear evaluation cases. The prediction results obtained by numerical simulation are compared with the assessments of flight test data to validate the utility of the method. The flight test data were generated in the evaluation of the Smart-Cue/Smart-Gain, which is capable of reducing the PIO tendencies considerably. The results show that the method can be applied to predict the nonlinear PIO events by human pilot model simulation.     

Accuracy analysis of GNSS-IR snow depth inversion algorithms

In recent years, with the continuous development of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), it has been applied not only to navigation and positioning, but also to Earth surface environment monitoring. At present, when performing GNSS-IR (GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry) snow depth inversion, Lomb-Scargle Periodogram (LSP) spectrum analysis is mainly used to calculate the vertical height from the antenna phase center to the reflection surface. However, it has the problem of low identification of power spectrum analysis, which may lead to frequency leakage. Therefore, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) spectrum analysis and Nonlinear Least Square Fitting (NLSF) are introduced to calculate the vertical height in this paper. The GNSS-IR snow depth inversion experiment is carried out by using the observation data of P351 station in PBO (Plate Boundary Observatory) network of the United States from 2013 to 2016. Three algorithms are used to invert the snow depth and compared with the actual snow depth provided by the station 490 in the SNOTEL network. The observations data of L1 and L2 bands are respectively used to find the optimal combination between different algorithms further to improve the accuracy of GNSS-IR snow depth inversion. For L1 band, different snow depths correspond to different optimal algorithms. When the snow depth is less than 0.8 m, the inversion accuracy of NLSF algorithm is the highest. When the snow depth is greater than 0.8 m, the inversion accuracy of FFT algorithm is higher. Therefore, according to the different snow depth, a combined algorithm of NLSF + FFT is proposed for GNSS-IR snow depth inversion. Compared with the traditional LSP algorithm, the inversion accuracy of the combined algorithm is improved by 10%. For L2 band data, the results show that the accuracy of snow depth inversion of various algorithms do not change with the variations of snow depth. Among the three single algorithms, the inversion accuracy of FFT algorithm is better than that of LSP and NLSF algorithms.     

模糊控制方法及其在飞控中的应用

对于较大的飞行包线，飞机对象的参数变化剧烈，采用常规控制方法往往不能保证在较大飞行包线范围内均取得良好的控制效果，基于此，提出了一种新型的自组织模糊控制方法，该对系统内部参数的剧烈变化具有很强的适应性，然后对飞机飞行控制系统的控制律设计进行了研究。用所提出的模糊控制方法设计了部分控制律，最后以某型国产飞机对象，采用飞机六自由度非线性仿真模型，在一个较大的飞行包线范围内，进行了飞行仿真，取得了良好的     

一种非线性规划的求解方法与燃气发生器的设计

阐述了一种新的非线性规划的求解方法。即对每个参变量在其可能变化区间内，按照特定的步长依次代入约束方程来观察是否满足约束条件，从而求得若干组可行解。变量变化的步长通过非线性方程组各个方程在近似结点的全微分的分析获得。步长的确定是本方法的关键。文中并示范性列举了本方法在燃气发生器设计中的作用。     

延性损伤的能量模型

 采用材料在受力变形过程中耗散的塑性应变能定义材料的延性损伤变量,可以克服现有延性损伤变量定义的局限,完整描述材料在廷性损伤全过程中的损伤变化情况;实测方便,精度易于保证;还建立了相应的损伤演化方程和损伤材料的应力-应变本构方程,由其获得的损伤准则等价于第四强度理论。     

非线性解耦控制与飞机敏捷性机动

首先介绍了以微分几何控制理论为基础的非线性系统解耦理论，给出了解耦控制律的综合方法及解耦闭环系统平衡点的计算方法，并对解耦系统的稳定性进行分析，随后用非线性解耦理论研究了飞机非线性运动的三种解耦运动模式，并讨论了飞机非线性解耦控制规律的线性近似解，最后用飞机非线性运动的三种解耦运动模式实现了三种形式的敏捷性机动，结果是满意的。为飞机敏捷性，直接力控制和过失速机动问题提供了一种理论研究方法。