载人飞船再入的制导、导航和控制

本文以多用途载人飞船为背景,研究再入的制导、导航与控制的任务、系统组成和工作原理,最后给出一些数字仿真结果。     

GPS的空间应用

由于ＧＰＳ系统的特点以及低轨道空间的特殊应用环境，使得ＧＰＳ在空间上的应用存在着与地面应用所不同的特点，本文着重分析这些空间特点对ＧＰＳ定位实现的影响，得出以下结论：对空间用户而言，ＧＰＳ卫星对用户的覆盖有着不同于地面的特点，但可以看出，对９００公里高度以下的低轨用户，ＧＰＳ卫星对用户的覆盖不会比地面更差。同时，电离层延迟误差影响大大降低，对流层延迟误差可以不予考虑。ＧＰＳ系统本身已对相对论效应的长期项影响作了校正，但对空间用户必须重新考虑。由于空间用户运动的规律性，及我们可能对诸如信号的Ｄｏｐｐｌｅｒ频移，多路径干扰等成份作较为准确的估计并加以补偿，从而可能获得高于地面的测量精度     

GPS 定位算法研究

给出卫星信号接收时刻ＧＰＳ时的计算方法，然后在Ｇａｕｓｓ－Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ法的基础上得到一个正常情况下的完整的ＧＰＳ迭代定位算法。最后讨论只有三颗可见卫星时的处理方法。     

基于导航定位原理的火箭涡轮泵轴承故障诊断

为准确判断火箭发动机涡轮泵轴承在试验台上试验时发生故障的部位，同时避免通过轴承特征频率诊断轴承故障的方法所带来的不确定性，基于GPS卫星导航定位原理，利用时幅曲线的相位信息，提出一种新的轴承故障诊断方法:振源坐标定位法，即通过四个已知坐标的振动传感器测得同一振动波的时幅曲线相位差判定振源位置。将试验台上轴承和四个振动信号传感器安放在坐标已知的直角坐标系中，利用时幅曲线拐点分析法准确捕获振动信号到达四个传感器的时刻，再利用这四个时刻和已知坐标计算出振源位置坐标，最后根据振源位置坐标判断其是否为轴承故障及具体故障部位。通过仿真计算证明该方法理论上可行。     

Introduction to global short message communication service of BeiDou-3 navigation satellite system

Short Message Communication (SMC) is a featured service of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). After its successful deployment in 2003, Regional Short Message Communication (RSMC) service has been continuously serving China and its neighboring countries and regions, especially in life safety scenarios. In this paper, the architecture of the Global Short Message Communication (GSMC) system is proposed based on the medium earth orbit (MEO) constellation and the crosslinks of the global BeiDou navigation system (BDS-3). Three subtypes of GSMC service, i.e. positioning report, emergency search and rescue (SAR) and regular SMC are designed in accordance with the technical characteristic of integration of navigation and communication in BDS-3, which supports future wide applications of GSMC. The performance of the designed GSMC system is analyzed by numerical calculations. As BDS-3 was officially announced completion on July 31, 2020, GSMC has been providing initial service. First test results of the in orbit GSMC payloads are also presented in the paper to verify the designed capabilities. Preliminary results also show that the requirements of Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) can also be fulfilled.     

Optimal mission planning of the reconfiguration process of satellite constellations through orbital maneuvers: A novel technical framework

In this paper, a general new methodology is presented for the orbital reconfiguration of satellite constellations on the basis of Lambert targeting theorem. In view of the cost and risk reduction, it is very important to consider the problem of satellite constellation reconfiguration with the two constraints of overall mission cost minimization and the desired final configuration. Hence, the dependent non-simultaneous deployment approach is proposed to minimize overall fuel cost. Despite the fact that the satellites deploy in a non-simultaneous manner, supplementary phasing maneuvers on the target orbital pattern to achieve the desired orbital configuration are avoided. Moreover, a novel idea is presented to optimize the flight of satellites, which plays an important role in complying with the constraint of overall fuel cost minimization as much as possible. In order to achieve the global optimal solution of the satellite constellation reconfiguration problem, the efficient hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization/Genetic Algorithm (PSO/GA) technique, is implemented. Finally, to indicate the superiority of the presented method, a comparison to the simultaneous maneuver viewpoint is made on a number of representative cases. The obtained results imply significant reduction of reconfiguration costs by employing the proposed method.     

载人火星探测进展及其EDL过程GNC关键技术

随着火星探测技术的不断发展和探测任务的不断推进，载人火星探测在未来将会成为火星探测的重要手段。首先，回顾了无人火星探测任务的发展历程，对比分析了部分无人火星探测器进入、下降与着陆（EDL）过程的参数。然后，结合无人火星探测、载人月球探测和载人航天再入过程，梳理了载人火星探测的特点及需求，系统地总结了前苏联/俄罗斯和美国的载人火星探测研究进展以及技术储备。接着，归纳了载人火星探测的体系构成、集结方式和主要的技术挑战。最后，概括了载人火星EDL过程面临的难题，重点阐述了EDL的导航、制导与控制（GNC）关键技术。     

具有星间链路的导航星座重构研究

针对具有星间链路的导航星座在卫星节点或链路失效情况下的重构优化设计问题,提出了一种基于遗传算法的设计方法。首先,根据导航星座的功能需求与设计约束,建立了星座综合重构优化设计模型。其次,提出了基于遗传算法的综合优化设计方法,并根据问题特性对遗传算法的具体操作进行了修改。最后,应用该方法对Walker 24/3/2构型星座及网状星间网络在节点和链路混合故障模式下的重构进行了优化设计。结果表明,基于该方法重构后的星座与网络拓扑性能能够得到一定程度的改善,证明了方法的可行性。     

中国民航实施卫星导航的当前策略探讨

论述了全球卫星导航系统（ＧＮＳＳ）将取代所有传统的陆基无线电导航系统的背景和目标以及当前的策略、在实施早期应用的同时应采取必要的增强措施和安全保障     

美国导航战新进展与启示

针对卫星导航系统的脆弱性,美国首先提出了导航战的概念。近几年来,美国密集制定了多项有关导航战的政策文件,不断丰富和发展导航战理论与技术,同时将导航战加入到作战演习和部分实战中。从梳理导航战技术现状入手,进而阐述了美国导航战条令与政策的最新进展,分析了近年来美国导航战演习与作战应用实践,最后总结并提出了美国导航战发展启示。