A novel virtual material layer model for predicting natural frequencies of composite bolted joints

A novel virtual material layer model based on the fractal theory was proposed to predict the natural frequencies of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composite bolted joints. Rough contact surfaces of composite bolted joints are modeled with this new proposed approach. Numerical and experimental modal analyses were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. A good consistence is noted between the numerical and experimental results. To demonstrate the necessity of accurately modeling the rough contact surfaces in the prediction of natural frequencies, virtual material layer model was compared with the widely used traditional model based on the Master-Slave contact algorithm and experiments, respectively. Results show that the proposed model has a better agreement with experiments than the widely used traditional model (the prediction accuracy is raised by 8.77% when the pre-tightening torque is 0.5 N∙m). Real contact area ratio A* of three different virtual material layers were calculated. Value of A* were discussed with dimensionless load P*, fractal dimension D and fractal roughness G. This work provides a new efficient way for accurately modeling the rough contact surfaces and predicting the natural frequencies of composite bolted joints, which can be used to help engineers in the dynamic design of composite materials.     

Design of nanofluid-cooled heat sink using topology optimization

The paper presented topology optimization of 2D and 3D Nanofluid-Cooled Heat Sink (NCHS). The flow and heat transfer problem in the NCHS was treated as a single-phase nanofluid based convective heat transfer model. The temperature-dependent fluid properties were taken into account in the model due to the strong temperature-dependent features of nanofluids. An average temperature minimum problem was studied subject to the fluid area and energy dissipation constraints by using the density method. In the method, the design variable is updated according to the gradient information obtained by an adjoint based sensitivity analysis process. The effects of the energy dissipation constraint, temperature-dependent fluid properties and nanofluid characteristics on optimal configurations of NCHS were numerically investigated with following conclusions. Firstly, branched flow channels in the optimal configuration increased with the rise of the allowed energy dissipation. Secondly, temperature-dependent fluid properties were significant for obtaining the appropriate optimal results with best cooling performance. Thirdly, heat transfer performances of optimal configurations were enhanced by reducing the nanoparticle diameter or increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction. Fourthly, the optimal configuration for nanofluid had better cooling performance than that for its base fluid.     

竖直平板自然对流强化换热的实验

研究各种强化换热结构对竖直平板自然对流换热的强化作用.通过比较圆柱扰流、圆锥扰流、三棱柱扰流、三棱锥扰流、四棱柱扰流、四棱锥扰流和直角三角翼纵向涡发生器LVG(Longitudinal vortex gener-ator)等对自然对流换热的强化效果,发现:单种换热结构中直角三角翼纵向涡发生器的强化换热效果最好,组合结构中直角三角翼叉排与圆柱扰流的混合排列换热效果最好,其能将竖直平板自然对流换热效果提高24.%.      

池沸腾现象中热毛细对流的成因

针对微重力条件下单组份液体池沸腾现象,探讨了有关热毛细效应作用及其成因的不同观点,指出正确描述气液相变界面两侧的温度关系是解决争议的关键.详细评述了现有的气液相变界面温度模型,发现气液相变的非平衡特征会导致气液界面上产生温度梯度,引起表面张力的显著差异,从而驱动热毛细对流的形成.但现有气液相变界面温度模型机理差异迥然,预测结果也差别很大,因此,需要更深入研究.      

Study of thermo-fluidic characteristics for geometric-anisotropy Kagome truss-cored lattice

The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive comparison of the thermal insulation and heat transfer performance for Kagome truss-cored lattice along two perpendicular orientations OA and OB. Three test conditions are conducted under forced air convection for the titanium sandwich panel fabricated by 3 D printing technology. The thermo-fluidic characteristics are further explored by numerical simulation to reveal the underlying mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement.The results indicate that the orientation OB exhibits better thermal insulation than orientation OA under the identical temperature loading, while the latter outperforms the former by up to 20% higher overall heat transfer performance. In particular, the endwalls and lattice core in orientation OA achieve 9.7% and 22.5% higher area-averaged Nusselt number respectively than that in orientation OB for a given Reynolds number. The heat transfer superiority of orientation OA comes from the unique topology which induces the large scale spiral primary flows, facilitating the heat exchange between the cooling air and the surfaces of sandwich panel. However, the complex flow mixing leads to a maximum of 20% higher friction factor in orientation OA than that in orientation OB.     

振动系统特征值和特征向量的—阶导数

本文主要解决两个问题:(1)频率集聚时,如何计算特征值(固有频率的平方)和特征向量(振型)的一阶导数,(2)如果仅获得了少数的低阶模态,如何改进已有的模态展开法,使其能用于计算低阶特征向量的一阶导数。     

Variational Bayesian Kalman filter using natural gradient

We propose a technique based on the natural gradient method for variational lower bound maximization for a variational Bayesian Kalman filter. The natural gradient approach is applied to the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the parameterized variational distribution and the posterior density of interest. Using a Gaussian assumption for the parametrized variational distribution, we obtain a closed-form iterative procedure for the Kullback-Leibler divergence minimization, producing estimates of...     

涡轮机匣热辐射-对流耦合换热特性数值计算与实验测试

开展了整环机匣的热辐射-对流耦合计算,获得了综合传热系数拟合关系式,并进行了实验测试验证。研究发现：封闭腔内,热辐射的存在大幅强化了壁面换热,辐射热流占总换热量比值可达90%以上。在3层机匣结构中,当发射率在0.3~0.8变化时,机匣沿径向方向上的温度梯度减小,主流区域的对流换热得到加强,半封闭区域对流强度降低。发射率为0.8时,外机匣流体侧壁面的辐射热流占总换热量的33.3%。     

西飞公司应用振动时效技术的现状及前景分析

通过介绍振动时效的原理、工艺特点及其应用情况，并与热时效进行了对比，进而阐述了振动时效技术的优点及工艺局限性，并就在西飞公司的应用前景进行了分析，指出为提高产品质量和效率，应积极开展振动时效技术的研究。     

Boundary condition modelling and identification for cantilever-like structures using natural frequencies

The actual boundary conditions of cantilever-like structures might be non-ideally clamped in engineering practice, and they can also vary with time due to damage or aging. Precise modelling of boundary conditions, in which both the boundary stiffness and the boundary mass should be modelled correctly, might be one of the most significant aspects in dynamic analysis and testing for such structures. However, only the boundary stiffness was considered in the most existing methods. In this paper, a boundary condition modelling and identification method for cantilever-like structures is proposed to precisely model both the boundary stiffness and the boundary mass using sensitivity analysis of natural frequencies. The boundary conditions of a cantilever-like structure can be parameterized by constant mass, constant rotational inertia,constant translational stiffness, and constant rotational stiffness. The relationship between natural frequencies and boundary parameters is deduced according to the vibration equation for the lateral vibration of a non-uniform beam. Then, an iterative identification formulation is established using the sensitivity analysis of natural frequencies with respect to the boundary parameters. The regularization technique is also used to solve the potential ill-posed problem in the identification procedure.Numerical simulations and experiments are performed to validate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method. Results show that the proposed method can be utilized to precisely model the boundary parameters of a cantilever-like structure.