美国导弹防御系统的演化发展与关键技术

较详细地评述了美国导弹防御系统五个发展阶段的演化发展情况，重点介绍了各阶段的研究进展和所取得的主要成果；简要介绍了导弹防御系统的试验结果与最新动态。最后，探讨了这些关键技术对我军武器装备发展的影响。     

NNW-TopViz流场可视分析系统

流场可视化技术采用图形图像直观地表现CFD数值模拟的计算结果,使用户能够方便地对这些数据进行分析、比较和研究。然而,CFD数值模拟的流动复杂,其产生的流场数据规模巨大、数据类型复杂、特征提取困难,传统的串行可视化软件效率低、交互手段单一,难以满足数据分析的需求。国家数值风洞（NNW）工程研制了一套流场数据处理可视化软件系统（NNW-TopViz,简称TopViz）,具有对流场数据处理与特征提取、几何图形绘制等可视化与交互功能。根据可视分析效率需求,TopViz实现了线程并行,在多核计算环境下有效提高了可视化计算和交互效率;针对流场特征提取困难、常规方法效率低的问题,TopViz实现了基于卷积神经网络的流场旋涡特征提取方法,提升了特征提取准确率和效率;为提高软件交互效率并提供便捷的交互方式和体验,基于头戴式显示设备和体感控制器构建沉浸式虚拟显示与交互平台,TopViz实现了手势和眼球凝视2种交互方法,提供沉浸式环境下多视图、多角度流场探测方式。     

United Nations Human Space Technology Initiative (HSTI)

The Human Space Technology Initiative was launched in 2010 within the framework of the United Nations Programme on Space Applications implemented by the Office for Outer Space Affairs of the United Nations. It aims to involve more countries in activities related to human spaceflight and space exploration and to increase the benefits from the outcome of such activities through international cooperation, to make space exploration a truly international effort.     

气象卫星在国民经济中的地位及经济效益初析

从天气预报、农业、林业和渔业等七个方面阐述了气象卫星在国民经济中的地位和作用，并用大量事实说明了气象卫星在国民经济建设中所产生的巨大的社会效益和经济效益。     

Issues of geologically-focused situational awareness in robotic planetary missions: Lessons from an analogue mission at Mistastin Lake impact structure,Labrador, Canada

Remote robotic data provides different information than that obtained from immersion in the field. This significantly affects the geological situational awareness experienced by members of a mission control science team. In order to optimize science return from planetary robotic missions, these limitations must be understood and their effects mitigated to fully leverage the field experience of scientists at mission control.     

NNW-HyFLOW高超声速流动模拟软件框架设计

NNW-HyFLOW在国家数值风洞（NNW）工程支持下,由风雷开源软件提供基础框架支撑,将建设成为基于结构/非结构混合网格,面向高超声速应用领域的国产自主工业CFD软件,具备高温气体热化学非平衡效应模拟及其相关气动力、气动热和气动物理特性计算分析等主要特色功能。本文从框架设计、数据结构、耦合方法、并行计算方法以及接口设计等方面对软件设计思想和框架特点进行了介绍,给出了求解器采用的理论模型、核心数值算法及其实现方法,结合HEG风洞试验、RAM-C飞行试验、Electre飞行试验以及航天飞机OV102飞行试验等典型算例开展了数值模拟。研究表明：NNW-HyFLOW具有底层代码复用、功能兼容性好、扩展能力强和接口灵活等优点,其当前测试版本已经具备了较好的高超声速非平衡流动数值模拟能力,在热化学非平衡效应及其影响的气动力特性、气动热环境和等离子体分布特性预测与评估方面,具有较高的数值计算精准度,初步满足了高超声速复杂飞行器高温非平衡流动数值模拟的需求。     

中国空间探测领域40年发展

中国空间科学学会成立的40年,是中国空间探测逐渐走进世界舞台的40年,空间探测极大推动了空间科学和相邻学科的发展,也影响到经济、军事和日常生活诸多方面.本文简要回顾了从空间探测专业委员会成立的1980年至今,中国空间探测领域的主要发展历程,包括探空火箭、高空气球、科学卫星、月球与行星探测、载人航天空间探测、遥感卫星地面站等主要项目、进展和所取得的成果,对未来若干年空间探测的发展进行了展望.     

The ITU and national regulatory authorities in the era of liberalization

As one of the most important organizations regulating telecommunications, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has a strong influence on the activities of National Regulatory Authorities (NRA)s. With the trend towards liberalization well underway, it is vital to study the relationships between the ITU and NRAs in this new era. This article examines the ITU's various functions and shows how they are vital to NRAs. It demonstrates that, notwithstanding the entry of the World Trade Organization into the telecommunications field, the ITU still has a role to play and that better cooperation between it and NRAs will lead to the healthy development of telecommunications.     

Extraterrestrial environmental impact assessments – A foreseeable prerequisite for wise decisions regarding outer space exploration,research and development

Although existing international instruments such as the Outer Space Treaty and Moon Agreement generally express sentiments for minimizing missions' extraterrestrial environmental impacts, they tend to be limited in scope, vague and generally unenforceable. There is no formal structure for assessing how and to what extent we affect those environments, no opportunity for public participation, no uniform protocol for documenting and registering the effects of our actions and no requirement to mitigate adverse impacts or take them into consideration in the decision-making process. Except for precautions limiting forward biological contamination and issues related to Earth satellites, environmental impact analysis, when done at all, remains focused on how missions affect the Earth and near-Earth environments, not how our actions affect the Moon, Mars, Europa, comets and other potential destinations. Extraterrestrial environmental impacts are potentially counterproductive to future space exploration, exploitation and scientific investigations. Clear, consistent and effective international protocols guiding a process for assessing such impacts are warranted. While instruments such as the US National Environmental Policy Act provide legally tested and efficient regulatory models that can guide impact assessment here on Earth, statutory legal frameworks may not work as well in the international environment of outer space. A proposal for industry-driven standards and an environmental code of conduct based, in part, on best management practices are offered for consideration.     

Application of novel force control strategies to enhance robotic abrasive belt grinding quality of aero-engine blades

Robotic belt grinding has emerged as a finishing process in recent years for machining components with high surface finish and flexibility.The surface machining consistency, however,is difficult to be guaranteed in such a process.To overcome this problem, a method of hybrid force-position control combined with PI/PD control is proposed to be applied in robotic abrasive belt grinding of complex geometries.Voltage signals are firstly obtained and transformed to force information with signal conditioning methods.Secondly, zero drift and gravity compensation algorithms are presented to calibrate the F/T transducer which is installed on the robot end-effector.Next, a force control strategy combining hybrid force-position control with PI/PD control is introduced to be employed in robotic abrasive belt grinding operations where the force control law is applied to the Z direction of the tool frame and the positon control law is used in the X direction of the tool frame.Then, the accuracy of the F/T transducer and the robotic force control system is analyzed to ensure the stability and reliability of force control in the robotic grinding process.Finally, two typical cases on robotic belt grinding of a test workpiece and an aero-engine blade are conducted to validate the practicality and effectiveness of the force control technology proposed.