Winter cross polar cap current estimation

Digital ionosonde and magnetometer observations from a polar cap station are used to estimate the fraction of Region 1 current that flows across the polar cap. For a winter case study using data for 2001 Feb 18 the cross-cap current was 3.9 × 10⁴ A Pedersen current and 6 × 10⁴ A Hall current. This total current is only a small percentage, ∼5%, of the Region 1 current.     

X-ray study of accretion flow in narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies

We present the results of a systematic study of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) observed with XMM-Newton. The 2–12 keV X-ray spectra of NLS1s are well represented by a single power law with a photon index Γ ∼ 2. When this hard power law continuum is extrapolated into the low energy band, we found that all objects in our sample show prominent soft excess emission. This excess emission is well parameterized by the thermal emission expected from an optically thick accretion disk, and we found the following three peculiar features: (1) The derived disk temperatures are significantly higher than the expectation from a standard Shakura-Sunyaev accretion disk, if we assume a central mass of a black hole to be 10^6–8M_⊙. (2) The temperatures are distributed within narrow range (ΔkT ∼ 0.08 keV) with an average temperature of 0.18 keV in spite of the range of four orders of magnitude in luminosity (10^41–45 erg s⁻¹). (3) We found a peculiar temperature–luminosity relation, where the luminosity seems to be almost saturated in spite of the significant change in temperature, during the observations of the most luminous NLS1 PKS 0558-504. These results strongly suggest that the standard accretion disk picture is no longer appropriate in the nuclei of NLS1s. We discuss a possible origin for the soft excess component, and suggest that a slim disk may be able to explain the observational results, if the photon trapping effect is properly taken into account.     

Fe2 O3 对碳热还原氮化SiO2 合成Si2 N2 O的催化效应及机理

采用碳热还原氮化SiO2的方法在1 500℃制备了Si2N2O,并通过XRD和热失重分析,研究了Fe2O3对合成Si2N2O的催化作用及机理。Fe2O3对Si2N2O的合成具有显著的催化作用,加入少量Fe2O3可以使SiO2的转化率达到100%。Fe2O3的催化机理为:一方面,Fe2O3被C还原为纳米铁单质,并与Si形成Fe-Si液相,该Fe-Si液相可溶解SiO2和C颗粒,促使SiOC中间相在较低温度下形成,从而显著降低碳热还原反应的开始温度。另一方面,Fe-Si液相中的CO2与FeSi反应,通过形成SiO和CO而加速碳热还原反应的进行。     

Gas permeability and flow characterization of simulated lunar regolith

Recent discoveries of water ice trapped within lunar topsoil (regolith) have placed a new emphasis on the recovery and utilization of water for future space exploration. Upon heating the lunar ice to sublimation, the resulting water vapor could theoretically transmit through the lunar regolith, to be captured on the surface. As the permeability of lunar regolith is essential to this process, this paper seeks to experimentally determine the permeability and flow characteristics of various gas species through simulated lunar regolith (SLR). Two different types of SLR were compacted and placed into the permeability setup to measure the flow-rate of transmitted gas through the sample. Darcy’s permeability constant was calculated for each sample and gas combination, and flow characteristics were determined from the results. The results show that Darcy’s permeability constant varies with SLR compaction density, and identified no major difference in permeable flow between the several tested gas species. Between the two tested SLR types, JSC-1A was shown to be more permeable than NU-LHT under similar conditions. In addition, a transition zone was identified in the flow when the gas pressure differential across the sample was less than ∼40 kPa.     

给定任意拓扑控制多面体的分片光滑样条曲面拟合

张量积B样条曲面在CAD领域具有重要意义，但是普通张量积B样条曲面的控制顶点必须呈拓扑矩形阵列形式排列，不能满足任意拓扑控制网格的要求。本文基于双四次广义B样条基函数和G1连续条件，推导出线性混合矩阵。利用这些混合矩阵，非规则控制多面体中的控制顶点被转换成分片B样条曲面的控制顶点，相邻曲面片间满足G1连续条件。即利用混合矩阵，可以用与张量积B样条曲面相同的概念框架处理具有非四边界及多于或少于4个四边界面汇聚于一点的非规则控制多面体的曲面拟合。文中还包括应用实例以表明文中方法的正确性。     

温度变化时组元参数对SiCp/Al复合材料尺寸稳定性的影响

研究了不同组元参数在25~400℃温度波动范围内对SiCp/Al复合材料尺寸稳定性的影响。实验结果表明,增强体颗粒尺寸越大,尺寸稳定性越好;铝基体中合金元素及合金元素含量的不同对复合材料尺寸稳定性的影响均不同,在A1-Mg基与A1-Si基复合材料中,其抵抗温度变化的尺寸稳定性都随着合金元素(Mg、Si)含量的提高而提高;在本研究中,Al-Mg基复合材料抵抗温度单程变化的尺寸稳定性最好,三元基体复合材料(Al-Mg-Cu)在抵抗温度波动时有较好的尺寸稳定性。     

Integration of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-1 dataset to extract geological lineaments in complex formations of Tepal mountain area,Shahrood, north Iran

Recently, the detection and extraction of geological lineaments have become an essential analytical technique to find relationships between the characteristics and occurrence of hydrogeology, and tectonic studies. The use of remote sensing, with the progressive development of image enhancement techniques, provides an opportunity to produce more reliable and comprehensive lineament maps. In this paper, semi-automatic approach based on Landsat 8 and Sentinel 1 radar data is proposed for lineaments extraction and validation. The combined method of linear filtering and automatic line module ensures a high degree of accuracy resulting in a lineament map. Based on identified lineaments, Sentinel1 is more capable of detecting edges than Landsat8, but the primary orientation lineaments extracted from Landsat8 and Sentinel1 were different. So, by combining band6 of Landsat8, and VV and VH polarization of Sentinel1, the area lineaments were extracted with high accuracy. Rose diagram showed the extracted lineaments' orientation is in good compliance with the region's existing faults. Also, the formations' lineament length density has good consistent with the density of the faults in the geological map.     

FY-1C/D极轨气象卫星空间粒子成分监测器及其在轨探测结果

介绍了风云一号(FY-1)C，D极轨气象卫星空间粒子成分监测器的任务目标、主要功能和工程指标。以及数据的获取和处理方法。给出了空间环境宁静期、地磁扰动事件、太阳质子事件、与太阳活动的关系和粒子长期变化等探测结果，并进行了相应的分析。对C，D星空间粒子成分监测器分别进行的5年和第二次在轨测试结果表明，两星监测器工作正常、性能稳定，探测数据可靠。     

Advances on Technology and Application of Ocean Color Remote Sensing in China (2004 - 2006)

China has great progress in the technology and application of ocean color remote sensing during 2004-2006. In this report, firstly, four major technical advances are displaying, including (1) the vector radiative transfer numerical model of coupled ocean-atmosphere system; (2) the atmospheric correction algorithm specialized on Chinese high turbid water; (3) systematical research of hyper-spectrum ocean color remote sensing; (4) local algorithms of oceanic parameters, like ocean color components, ocean primary productivity, water transparency, water quality parameters, etc. On the foundation of technical advances, ocean color remote sensing takes effect on ocean environment monitoring, with four major kinds of application systems, namely, (1) the automatic multi-satellites data receiving, processing and application system; (2) the shipboard satellite data receiving and processing system for fishery ground information; (3) Coastal water quality monitoring system, integrating satellite and airborne remote sensing technology and ship measurement; (4) the preliminary system of airborne ocean color remote sensing application system. Finally, the prospective development of Chinese ocean color remote sensing is brought forward. With Chinese second ocean color satellite (HY-1B) orbiting, great strides will take place in Chinese ocean color information accumulation and application.     

Neuroimmune response and sleep studies after whole body irradiation with high-LET particles

In order to investigate the biological effects of galactic rays on astronaut cerebral functions after space flight, mice were exposed to different heavy ions (HZE) in whole-body conditions at doses comparable to the galactic flux: ¹²C, ¹⁶O and ²⁰Ne (95 MeV/u, at 42–76 mGy). Animals were also exposed to 42 mGy of ⁶⁰Co radiation for comparison with HZE. The neuroimmune response, evaluated by interleukin-1 (IL-1) measurement, showed that this cytokine was produced 3 h after irradiation by ¹⁶O or ⁶⁰Co. In contrast, neither ¹²C (56.7 mGy) nor ²⁰Ne (76 mGy) induced IL-1 production. However, immunohistochemical staining of ¹²C-irradiated mouse brain tissue showed 2 months later a marked inflammatory reaction in the hippocampus and a diffuse response in parenchyma. Sleep studies were realized before and after exposure to 42 mGy of ¹⁶O and 76 mGy of ²⁰Ne: only the ²⁰Ne radiation displayed a small effect. A slight decrease in paradoxical sleep, corresponding to a reduction in the number of episodes of paradoxical sleep, was manifested between 8 and 22 days after exposure. Exposure to ¹²C and ¹⁶O induced no changes either in cellularity of spleen or thymus, or in caspase 3 activity (as much as four months after irradiation). Taken together, these data indicate that the CNS could be sensitive to heavy ions and that responses to HZE impact depend on the nature of the particle, the dose threshold and the time delay to develop biological processes. Differences in responses to different HZE highlight the complex biological phenomena to which astronauts are submitted during space flight.