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391.
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为了研究身部局部燃气泄漏对490N发动机工作性能及结构的影响,为在轨故障问题分析提供依据,采用490N发动机缩比件在模拟真空环境下研究喷管扩张段泄漏孔的影响,采用490N发动机在大气环境下研究燃烧室身部泄漏孔的影响。通过试验,获得了泄漏孔的扩展情况、带有泄漏孔的发动机的真空推力、燃烧室压力等试验数据。研究结果表明:在试验条件下,490N发动机喉部出现泄漏孔后,燃烧室压力下降6.9%,与喉部上游泄漏孔面积占比6.3%相当,燃烧室压力不发生明显波动,发动机仍可以输出推力;泄漏孔沿周向基本无变化,沿轴向往喉部下游,扩展速率先增大后减小,分别为0mm/s、0.588mm/s、0.142mm/s、0.067mm/s。490N发动机缩比件身部面积比14的位置处出现面积占比0.93%的泄漏孔后,发动机在一段时间内推力输出保持稳定,泄漏孔面积占比与泄漏后推力减小比例0.95%相当,且泄漏孔未发生扩展;该结果有效验证了在轨490N发动机身部面积比64的位置处出现面积占比3.2%泄漏孔后发动机在643s内维持推力稳定输出的可能性,且输出推力减小比例为3%。 相似文献
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为了获得高能合成煤油(GN-1煤油)物化性能随温度和压力的变化规律,掌握GN-1煤油与现役火箭煤油在应用特性方面的差异,采用理论计算和实验方法,对GN-1煤油在物化性能(密度、黏度、定压比热容、导热系数、表面张力)变化规律、安全特性(闪点、自燃温度、燃点、爆炸极限、毒性)、流动传热与结焦特性以及点火延迟特性进行了研究,并与火箭煤油进行了对比。通过实验研究得到了最高温度不超过200℃,最高压力不超过25MPa下GN-1煤油的密度、黏度、定压比热容、导热系数、表面张力实验数据,结合理论计算,获得了GN-1煤油在-40~350℃,0.1~60MPa内热物性变化规律,并与火箭煤油进行了对比。此外,研究结果还表明:GN-1煤油的闪点为40℃(低于火箭煤油闪点74℃),自燃温度为305℃(高于火箭煤油自燃温度225℃),燃点为47℃(低于火箭煤油燃点82℃),爆炸极限为0.44%~2.9%(40℃),GN-1煤油和火箭煤油急性经口毒性LD50>5000mg/kg。在入口压力10MPa,流速10m/s,内壁温480℃条件下,GN-1煤油的传热系数比火箭煤油提高14.4%。在采用GH3128高温合金管条件下,GN-1煤油出口油温220℃时试验段平均结焦速率是出口油温150℃时的4.43倍,GN-1煤油316L不锈钢管路中试验段平均结焦速率为GH3128高温合金管路中的22.3%。在970~1105K内,GN-1煤油的点火延迟时间为火箭煤油的55.6%~69.3%。 相似文献
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一种电离层垂直剖面物理模型及其与IRI-90模型的比较 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
在80-500km范围内考虑了3种中性成份的4种离子,从严格的电子和离子密度连续方程出发,对中性风和扩散效应进行了全面、连续的考虑,由此建立了一种电离层的物理模式;在此模式的基础上针对北京地区分别对太阳活动低年(F10.7=60)、高年(F10.7=300)的春(DOY=90)、夏(DOY=180)、秋(DOY=270)、冬(DOY=365)进行计算,并将所得结果与IRI-90进行了比较.结果表明: E层为典型的Chapman层: E-F谷区深度一般为0.2-0.5之间,比IRI要深;F1缘在太阳活动低年的四季都出现,其中夏天最明显,已形成了一个F1层,冬天最不明显,仅表现为一个轻微的凸缘,在太阳活动高年只有夏天出现了F1凸缘,这与现有理论相符合,而IRI-90较少出现明显的F1缘;F2层的电子密度是活动高年比低年大,平均冬天比夏天大,这与观测结果也基本符合. 相似文献
398.
Claudia Flohrer Michiel Otten Tim Springer John Dow 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
Driven by the GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) and GGOS (Global Geodetic Observing System) initiatives the user community has a strong demand for high-quality altimetry products. In order to derive such high-quality altimetry products, precise orbits for the altimetry satellites are a necessity. With the launch of the TOPEX/Poseidon mission in 1992 a still on-going time series of high-accuracy altimetry measurements of ocean topography started, continued by the altimetry missions Jason-1 in 2001 and Jason-2/OSTM in 2008. This paper contributes to the on-going orbit reprocessing carried out by several groups and presents the efforts of the Navigation Support Office at ESA/ESOC using its NAPEOS software for the generation of precise and homogeneous orbits referring to the same reference frame for the altimetry satellites Jason-1 and Jason-2. Data of all three tracking instruments on-board the satellites (beside the altimeter), i.e. GPS, DORIS, and SLR measurements, were used in a combined data analysis. About 7 years of Jason-1 data and more than 1 year of Jason-2 data were processed. Our processing strategy is close to the GDR-C standards. However, we estimated slightly different scaling factors for the solar radiation pressure model of 0.96 and 0.98 for Jason-1 and Jason-2, respectively. We used 30 s sampled GPS data and introduced 30 s satellite clocks stemming from ESOC’s reprocessing of the combined GPS/GLONASS IGS solution. We present the orbit determination results, focusing on the benefits of adding GPS data to the solution. The fully combined solution was found to give the best orbit results. We reach a post-fit RMS of the GPS phase observation residuals of 6 mm for Jason-1 and 7 mm for Jason-2. The DORIS post-fit residuals clearly benefit from using GPS data in addition, as the DORIS data editing improves. The DORIS observation RMS for the fully combined solution is with 3.5 mm and 3.4 mm, respectively, 0.3 mm better than for the DORIS-SLR solution. Our orbit solution agrees well with external solutions from other analysis centers, as CNES, LCA, and JPL. The orbit differences between our fully combined orbits and the CNES GDR-C orbits are of about 0.8 cm for Jason-1 and at 0.9 cm for Jason-2 in the radial direction. In the cross-track component we observe a clear improvement when adding GPS data to the POD process. The 3D-RMS of the orbit differences reveals a good orbit consistency at 2.7 cm and 2.9 cm for Jason-1 and Jason-2. Our resulting orbit series for both Jason satellites refer to the ITRF2005 reference frame and are provided in sp3 file format on our ftp server. 相似文献
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Ouyang Ziyuan Li Chunlai Zou Yongliao Zhang Hongbo Lu Chang Liu Jianzhong Liu Jianjun Zuo Wei Su Yan Wen Weibin Bian Wei Zhao Baochang Wang Jianyu Yang Jianfeng Chang Jin Wang Huanyu Zhang Xiaohui Wang Shijin Wang Min Ren Xin Mu Lingli Kong Deqing Wang Xiaoqian Wang Fang Geng Liang Zhang Zhoubin Zheng Lei Zhu Xinying Zheng Yongchun Li Junduo Zou Xiaoduan Xu Chun Shi Shuobiao Gao Yifei Gao Guannan 《空间科学学报》2010,30(5):392-403
Chang'E-1 is the first lunar mission in China, which was successfully launched on Oct. 24th, 2007. It was guided to crash on the Moon on March 1, 2009, at 52.36ºE, 1.50ºS, in the north of Mare Fecunditatis. The total mission lasted 495 days, exceeding the designed life-span about four months. 1.37 Terabytes raw data was received from Chang'E-1. It was then processed into 4 Terabytes science data at different levels. A series of science results have been achieved by analyzing and applicating these data, especially \"global image of the Moon of China's first lunar exploration mission'. Four scientific goals of Chang'E-1 have been achieved. It provides abundant materials for the research of lunar sciences and cosmochemistry. Meanwhile these results will serve for China's future lunar missions. 相似文献