Proton lateral broadening distribution comparisons between GRNTRN,MCNPX, and laboratory beam measurements

Recent developments in NASA’s deterministic High charge (Z) and Energy TRaNsport (HZETRN) code have included lateral broadening of primary ion beams due to small-angle multiple Coulomb scattering, and coupling of the ion-nuclear scattering interactions with energy loss and straggling. This new version of HZETRN is based on Green function methods, called GRNTRN, and is suitable for modeling transport with both space environment and laboratory boundary conditions. Multiple scattering processes are a necessary extension to GRNTRN in order to accurately model ion beam experiments, to simulate the physical and biological-effective radiation dose, and to develop new methods and strategies for light-ion radiation therapy. In this paper we compare GRNTRN simulations of proton lateral broadening distributions with beam measurements taken at Loma Linda University Proton Therapy Facility. The simulated and measured lateral broadening distributions are compared for a 250 MeV proton beam on aluminum, polyethylene, polystyrene, bone substitute, iron, and lead target materials. The GRNTRN results are also compared to simulations from the Monte Carlo MCNPX code for the same projectile-target combinations described above.     

Comparison of ANN and MLR models for estimating solar radiation in Turkey using NOAA/AVHRR data

In this paper, the estimation capacities of MLR and ANN are investigated to estimate monthly-average daily SR over Turkey. The satellite data are used for 73 different locations over Turkey. Land surface temperature, altitude, latitude, longitude and month are offered as the input variables for modeling ANN and MLR to get SR. Estimations of SR are evaluated with the meteorological values by using the statistical bases. The obtained results indicated that the ANN model could achieve a satisfactory performance when compared to the MLR model. Moreover, it is understood that more accurate results in estimation of SR are obtained in the use of satellite data, rather than the use of meteorological station data. Finally, the built ANN model is used to estimate the yearly average of daily SR over Turkey. As a result, satellite-based SR map for Turkey is generated.     

Optimal station-keeping near Earth–Moon collinear libration points using continuous and impulsive maneuvers

In this study the gravitational perturbations of the Sun and other planets are modeled on the dynamics near the Earth–Moon Lagrange points and optimal continuous and discrete station-keeping maneuvers are found to maintain spacecraft about these points. The most critical perturbation effect near the L₁ and L₂ Lagrange points of the Earth–Moon is the ellipticity of the Moon’s orbit and the Sun’s gravity, respectively. These perturbations deviate the spacecraft from its nominal orbit and have been modeled through a restricted five-body problem (R5BP) formulation compatible with circular restricted three-body problem (CR3BP). The continuous control or impulsive maneuvers can compensate the deviation and keep the spacecraft on the closed orbit about the Lagrange point. The continuous control has been computed using linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and is compared with nonlinear programming (NP). The multiple shooting (MS) has been used for the computation of impulsive maneuvers to keep the trajectory closed and subsequently an optimized MS (OMS) method and multiple impulses optimization (MIO) method have been introduced, which minimize the summation of multiple impulses. In these two methods the spacecraft is allowed to deviate from the nominal orbit; however, the spacecraft trajectory should close itself. In this manner, some closed or nearly closed trajectories around the Earth–Moon Lagrange points are found that need almost zero station-keeping maneuver.     

一种多制式传感器数据融合算法

针对一有三坐标雷达、两坐标雷达和红外探测器三种传感器的分布式多站多目标跟踪系统，提出了一种多制式传感器数据融合算法。算法以测量间最小距离为关联度，对测量集间的相似程度进行度量，用极大似然法估计目标位置，通过融合方法求得目标三维航迹。在作状态估计时，采用两组非线性卡尔曼滤波切换提高融合精度。     

基于进化计算的无人飞行器多航迹规划

针对飞行器多航迹规划问题展开研究。在分析多峰值函数优化问题的基础上，提出了一种基于进化计算的飞行器多航迹规划方法。该方法通过使用特定的染色体表示方法和进化算子，可以有效利用各种环境信息，处理各种航迹约束。同时，通过引入聚类算法，将种群中的个体按其空间分布进行聚类，生成若干个不同子种群。在进化过程中，所有个体只在各自的子种群内部进化。当进化结束时，每个子种群将分别生成一条各自的最优航迹，从而为飞行器生成多条不同的可选航迹。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

反辐射导弹导引头多目标分辨方案研究

提出被动微波导引头多目标鉴别电路和战时电子支援系统一体化设计的设想，贯彻“面载复杂、弹载从简”的原则，使被动微波反辐射导弹导引头信号分选和目标识别电路力求简单。     

多重激波的数值模拟研究

本文用一维混合粒子模拟Code研究了包括中间激波在内的多重激波.模拟了四种情形,可以分为两类:(1)由快激波和中间激波构成的两重激波,(2)快激波、中间激波和慢激波构成的三重激波.结果表明:多重激波是不稳定的,它趋向于发展成磁流体旋转间断和MHD波,左旋圆偏振波逐渐在上游区内发展起来.文章对导致多重激波不稳定性的可能原因进行了简单的讨论.     

Distributed three-dimensional cooperative guidance via receding horizon control

The paper presents a new three-dimensional (3D) cooperative guidance approach by the receding horizon control (RHC) technique. The objective is to coordinate the impact time of a group of interceptor missiles against the stationary target. The framework of a distributed RHC scheme is developed, in which each interceptor missile is assigned its own finite-horizon optimal control problem (FHOCP) and only shares the information with its neighbors. The solution of the local FHOCP is obtained by the constrained particle swarm optimization (PSO) method that is integrated into the distributed RHC framework with enhanced equality and inequality con-straints. The numerical simulations show that the proposed guidance approach is feasible to imple-ment the cooperative engagement with satisfied accuracy of target capture. Finally, the computation efficiency of the distributed RHC scheme is discussed in consideration of the PSO parameters, con-trol update period and prediction horizon.     

Probability hypothesis density filter with adaptive parameter estimation for tracking multiple maneuvering targets

The probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter has been recognized as a promising tech-nique for tracking an unknown number of targets. The performance of the PHD filter, however, is sensitive to the available knowledge on model parameters such as the measurement noise variance and those associated with the changes in the maneuvering target trajectories. If these parameters are unknown in advance, the tracking performance may degrade greatly. To address this aspect, this paper proposes to incorporate the adaptive parameter estimation (APE) method in the PHD filter so that the model parameters, which may be static and/or time-varying, can be estimated jointly with target states. The resulting APE-PHD algorithm is implemented using the particle filter (PF), which leads to the PF-APE-PHD filter. Simulations show that the newly proposed algorithm can correctly identify the unknown measurement noise variances, and it is capable of tracking mul-tiple maneuvering targets with abrupt changing parameters in a more robust manner, compared to the multi-model approaches.     

分导飞行器能量指标的最优控制方法研究

本文讨论了分导飞行器的基本控制规律 ,研究了对分导过程的最优控制问题 ,介绍了使推进剂消耗最少的最优控制方法 ,建立了实现最优控制的数学模型 ,阐述了研究能够使综合性能指标达到最优的控制方法以及对分导飞行器研制、使用的重要作用。