A comparative analysis of SLR,MLR, ANN,XGBoost and CNN for crop height estimation of sunflower using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2

Sustainable monitoring and determining the biophysical characteristics of crops is of global importance due to the increase in demand for food. In this context, remote sensing data provide valuable information on crops. This study investigates the relationship between the variables determined from both Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and optical images and crop height. For this purpose, backscatter (σVH, σVV, σVH / σVV) and coherence (?VH, ?VV) of multi-temporal dual-polarized Sentinel-1 and vegetation indices of multi-temporal Sentinel-2 data are analyzed. Two indices, namely, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and NDVI with the red-edge band (NDVIred), are interpreted to identify the contribution of the red-edge band over the near-infrared band. The Zile District of Tokat province in Turkey where dominantly sunflower cultivation is carried out, was selected as the study area. In the analysis of the data, Simple Linear Regression (SLR), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), EXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) were used. In the results of the study, ANN showed the lowest RMSE = 3.083 cm (RMSE%= 11.284) in the stem elongation period. The CNN followed the lowest RMSE for the Inflorescence development and flowering stages 19.223 cm (RMSE%=15.458) and 8.731 cm (RMSE%=5.821), respectively. In the ripening period, XGBoost achieved the lowest RMSE = 8.731 cm (RMSE%=6.091). All the best models in four methods were created using common variables of σVH, σVV, ?VH, ?VV and NDVIred, except ANN which exclude coherence variables. The results concluded that NDVIred contributed more than NDVI which is widely interpreted in previous studies.     

多路导航信号恒包络处理技术

现代化的导航系统需要在一个频段发射多路导航信号以提高频谱利用率。直接组合的复合信号不是恒包络,在通过饱和状态功率放大器时会产生AM/PM失真,从而影响整个导航系统的定位精度。为了解决这个问题,需要增加互调分量,把信号处理成恒包络复合信号。文章在分析GPS和GALILEO系统导航信号恒包络处理方法的基础上,给出了我国导航卫星系统恒包络处理方法的建议。     

基于快速极坐标格式算法的MIMO雷达虚拟孔径成像

针对共址多输入多输出（Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO）雷达在单次快拍下的虚拟孔径成像问题,分析了MIMO雷达虚拟合成阵列,建立了MIMO雷达极坐标格式波数域回波模型,分析了基于距离向和方位向尺度变换的空间谱转化,指出MIMO雷达方位向尺度变换不再是Keystone变换,提出了一种新的MIMO雷达快速极坐标格式成像算法。仿真表明了该文方法的有效性。     

吸气式超声速导弹爬升段多约束轨迹优化

针对吸气式超声速导弹飞行过程多约束及强耦合的特性,研究了超声速导弹爬升段的轨迹优化设计问题。考虑吸气式推进系统与气动力、飞行轨迹的耦合,对超声速导弹冲压发动机的性能进行分析,揭示了吸气式发动机推力、静压裕度以及余气系数随飞行状态的变化规律;在考虑过载、动压、终端弹道参数及发动机参数等约束的条件下,建立多约束条件下的轨迹优化模型,提出一种适用于此类飞行器飞行轨迹与推力规律的优化设计方法,并对最小油耗的爬升弹道进行优化设计分析。仿真结果表明,该方法能有效解决吸气式超声速导弹多约束轨迹优化问题,可为吸气式超声速导弹的弹道规划与制导律设计提供参考。     

Nonlinear attitude tracking control for spacecraft formation with multiple delays

This paper addresses the attitude tracking control for spacecraft formation with delay free and communication delays. With help of the idea of sliding control, an adaptive attitude synchronization control architecture is established. Furthermore, by introducing a nonsmooth feedback function, a new class of nonlinear controllers for the attitude tracking of spacecraft is developed. Both parameter uncertainties and unknown external disturbances are dealt with via the kind of controllers. Finally, some simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed results.     

日地Halo轨道的多约束转移轨道分层微分修正设计

针对日-地系统L1点（简称SEL1点）Halo轨道转移轨道设计中存在的多约束与初值敏感性问题,提出一种基于分层微分修正与初值多项式的设计方法。首先定义平动点转移轨道设计过程中存在的约束条件,然后根据不同的终端约束条件,重点给出了同时考虑轨道高度、轨道倾角、升交点赤经与航迹角等多约束条件下的分层微分修正方法。通过分析约束变量与控制变量之间的关系,得到能够解决微分修正初值问题的初值表达式。最后在多约束条件下设计了从轨道高度为200km的地球停泊轨道到SEL1点Halo轨道的转移轨道。仿真结果表明,分层微分修正方法能够处理多约束问题,且初值表达式可以为微分修正提供良好的初始条件,从而保证算法收敛,方法具有较好的实用性。     

一种小天体表面阴影区的鲁棒匹配算法

鉴于软着陆小天体过程中自主光学导航的状态估计问题,提出了一种针对小天体表面阴影区的提取与鲁棒匹配算法。首先,提取出阴影区中相对稳定的区域;然后,对提取出的阴影区域进行仿射归一化;最后,对仿射归一化后的阴影区域用多角度尺度不变特征变换（Multiple Angles Sift,MA-SIFT）描述子进行特征提取,并进行匹配与错匹配去除。在试验中,本文算法与SIFT算法进行了对比,结果表明,当图像间出现较大的视角变化时,利用本文算法能得到较高的正确匹配率。     

两点射流间隔时间对爆震波起爆特性影响的数值研究

为快速、短距起爆爆震波,本文基于H2/Air 8组分19步反应简化机理,采用两点射流点火的方法数值研究了不同射流管高度差引起的射流间隔时间对H2/Air混合物起爆特性的影响规律。采用与CEA计算结果及实验结果对比的方法验证了数值模拟的可靠性。结果表明,射流间隔时间对两点射流起爆有明显影响。一定射流间隔时间内可以成功起爆,但第一射流的衰减过程随射流间隔时间的增加而变长,不利于起爆。射流管的高度差使得射流管出口形成射流强度梯度,对射流强度的影响较小。射流管高度差ΔH的增加会加大两个射流之间的强度差,从而削弱射流相互作用。射流之间的相互作用受火焰面和压力面的共同影响,热点的形成更依赖于射流压力的相互作用。     

Conceptual design of near-space synthetic aperture radar for high-resolution and wide-swath imaging

Airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has the capability of high-resolution, and spaceborne SAR has the capability of wide-swath. Inspired by recent advances in near-space defined as the region between 20 km and 100 km, this paper conceptually designed near-space vehicle-borne SAR. The near-space vehicle-borne SAR has the synthetical advantages of the satellite and airplane platforms. By placing SAR transmitter or receiver in near-space vehicles, many functions that are currently performed with satellites or airplanes could be performed in low cost way. These advantages make simultaneous high-resolution and wide-swath SAR imaging possible. As such, this paper focuses on the role of near-space vehicle for high-resolution and wide-swath SAR imaging, and deals with conceptual performance, as opposed to technological implementation. The concepts, models and processing algorithms are provided. To further suppress the azimuth ambiguities and extend swath width, multiple beams in azimuth is applied. Furthermore, an example near-space vehicle-borne SAR is designed. It is shown that the use of cost effective near-space vehicles can provide the solutions that were previously thought to be out of reach for remote sensing scientists and customers.