保持弱细结构特征的SAR图象模拟退火重构方法

模拟退火 ( SA)算法最先由 White R G.用于合成孔径雷达 ( SAR)图象的降斑处理。该算法在重构均匀区域和强结构区效果有很大提高 ,但也有缺点 ,尤其是过分模糊弱细结构。本文提出了一种改进的方法 ,在 SA算法中融入了边沿检测和增强步骤 ,使弱细结构得以增强并在退火过程中保持。为配合此方法 ,采用平稳下降的指数温度规划取代对数形式。通过仔细调整算法过程 ,可使新方法保留 SAR图象中的很多细小结构 ,而不使其他均匀的和强结构场景性能恶化 ,同时也没有引入其他缺陷。改进的算法更加适于中、低分辨率的 SAR图象降斑处理     

基于马尔科夫链的单站SAR海面场景宽幅高分成像算法

针对单站合成孔径雷达(SAR)实现海面场景高分辨率宽测绘带(HRWS)成像问题,结合海面目标相对整个场景的稀疏特性,提出了一种基于马尔科夫链的单站SAR宽幅高分成像算法。算法将宽幅的海面场景分为不同子测绘带,首先发射少量脉冲对各子测绘带进行距离向成像,利用距离向成像结果获取场景内感兴趣目标的数量信息。然后计算雷达波束指向的马尔科夫状态转移概率,并按此概率控制雷达对不同测绘带进行扫描。获得不同测绘带的稀疏子孔径后进行压缩感知成像。提出的算法可以在相同合成孔径时间内实现多个测绘带的宽幅高分成像,最后的仿真实验验证了所提算法的有效性。     

基于可逆提升小波变换和上下文预测的SAR图像无损压缩算法

 结合可逆提升小波变换和上下文预测技术 ,提出基于可逆提升小波变换和上下文预测的合成孔径雷达 (SAR)图像的无损压缩算法。分析了基于提升小波的无损压缩算法和基于上下文预测编码的无损压缩算法的优缺点 ,联合两种体制 ,提出先用提升小波变换去除整幅图像的冗余 ,再用边缘保留预测器和子预测器联合技术进一步消除子带内系数间的空间冗余性 ,最后采用自适应上下文建模技术对残差进行分类自适应熵编码。除具有常规小波变换编码的优异性能外 ,该算法的压缩率优于即将推出的国际标准JPEG2000。     

A novel method for multi-angle SAR image matching

Multi-angle synthetic aperture radar(SAR) image matching is very challenging, because the same object may cause different backscattering patterns, heavily depending on the radar incident angle. A technique based on the relations between the invariant positions of ground targets among the reference and sensed images is proposed to accommodate the nonmatching patterns. It involves a target extraction using wavelet coefficient fusion, as well as a geometric voting matching routine for searching the matched control points(CPs) in the reference and sensed images, respectively. To accelerate the speed of the search, a robust, rapidly corresponding CPs determination strategy is exploited by utilizing the global spatial transformation model, as well as a procedure of outlier removal to ensure the desired accuracy. Meanwhile, the positions of the matched point pairs are relocated using mutual information. The final warping of the images according to the CPs is performed by using a polynomial function. The results show the possibility of matching multi-angle SAR images in general cases.     

敏捷SAR卫星平台载荷一体化控制方法研究

面向具备波束指向捷变能力的小型化敏捷合成孔径雷达(SAR)卫星成像需求,提出了通过平台姿态敏捷机动和载荷波束捷变扫描一体化控制实现条带成像、多条带拼接成像、滑动聚束成像等传统成像模式的方法。针对配合成像过程提出的大角度机动和高精度高稳定度连续指向跟踪控制要求,采用5个单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)组成的五面锥构形控制力矩陀螺群作为执行机构,设计了基于姿态四元数和角速度反馈的改进型递阶饱和控制器,实现了平台的敏捷机动和对目标的稳定跟踪指向。数学仿真结果表明:该控制系统有效可行。     

一种SAR图像特征增强新方法

军事目标的SAR图像特征在合成孔径雷达目标识别(SAR ATR)中扮演着重要的角色。提出了一种在多小波域中用维纳滤波重构进行SAR目标图像特征增强的新方法,并在此基础上进行了目标图像分割。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效增强SAR图像中的目标区域特征,增大目标和背景杂波之间的统计可分离度,有利于目标图像的精确分割和特征提取。     

伽利略系统搜救服务端到端验证项目系统概念与性能分析

作为中欧合作伽利略卫星导航项目的重要组成部分,伽利略搜救服务前向链路端到端验证项目是中国区伽利略合作项目中唯一一个系统级项目。项目的主要目的是通过端到端验证项目检验伽利略搜救服务前向链路的服务性能,确认设计技术指标和对本地用户终端地面系统模拟器FLVE的性能预测。文章在此介绍了EEV系统组成和定位方法。在演示验证阶段,EEV项目组还设计了一个软件仿真平台用于在伽利略在轨测试卫星发射之前分析EEV系统性能。进行了由360个地球表面均匀分布的求救信标发射信号被全部伽利略卫星星座转发,时间跨度为15天的定位精度和覆盖范围分析。在FOA和TOA分别达到10μs和0.1Hz的情况下,FLVE定位精度为5km的覆盖范围达到半径5000km。FOA和TOA在恶劣情况下为15μs和0.2Hz的情况下,覆盖范围缩减为4000km,但还是达到了国际同类本地用户终端地面系统的先进水平。     

Conceptual design of near-space synthetic aperture radar for high-resolution and wide-swath imaging

Airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has the capability of high-resolution, and spaceborne SAR has the capability of wide-swath. Inspired by recent advances in near-space defined as the region between 20 km and 100 km, this paper conceptually designed near-space vehicle-borne SAR. The near-space vehicle-borne SAR has the synthetical advantages of the satellite and airplane platforms. By placing SAR transmitter or receiver in near-space vehicles, many functions that are currently performed with satellites or airplanes could be performed in low cost way. These advantages make simultaneous high-resolution and wide-swath SAR imaging possible. As such, this paper focuses on the role of near-space vehicle for high-resolution and wide-swath SAR imaging, and deals with conceptual performance, as opposed to technological implementation. The concepts, models and processing algorithms are provided. To further suppress the azimuth ambiguities and extend swath width, multiple beams in azimuth is applied. Furthermore, an example near-space vehicle-borne SAR is designed. It is shown that the use of cost effective near-space vehicles can provide the solutions that were previously thought to be out of reach for remote sensing scientists and customers.     

Radarsat-2的系统组成及技术革新分析

Radarsat-2是加拿大继Radarsat-1之后的新一代商用合成孔径雷达(SAR)卫星,它在继承Radarsat-1原有成像模式和技术特点的基础上,进行了较大范围的技术革新.总结了Radarsat-2的系统组成和性能参数,并重点分析了其包括超精细分辨率成像、全极化成像、左右视成像等在内的技术革新和技术实现.Radarsat-2作为当前十分先进的星载SAR系统,为未来星载SAR的发展指明了方向.