Multi-state autonomous drilling for lunar exploration

Due to the lack of information of subsurface lunar regolith stratification which varies along depth, the drilling device may encounter lunar soil and lunar rock randomly in the drilling process. To meet the load safety requirements of unmanned sampling mission under limited orbital resources, the control strategy of autonomous drilling should adapt to the indeterminable lunar environments. Based on the analysis of two types of typical drilling media (i.e., lunar soil and lunar rock), this paper proposes a multi-state control strategy for autonomous lunar drilling. To represent the working circumstances in the lunar subsurface and reduce the complexity of the control algo-rithm, lunar drilling process was categorized into three drilling states:the interface detection, initi-ation of drilling parameters for recognition and drilling medium recognition. Support vector machine (SVM) and continuous wavelet transform were employed for the online recognition of dril-ling media and interface, respectively. Finite state machine was utilized to control the transition among different drilling states. To verify the effectiveness of the multi-state control strategy, drilling experiments were implemented with multi-layered drilling media constructed by lunar soil simulant and lunar rock simulant. The results reveal that the multi-state control method is capable of detect-ing drilling state variation and adjusting drilling parameters timely under vibration interferences. The multi-state control method provides a feasible reference for the control of extraterrestrial autonomous drilling.     

Spectroscopy peculiarities of thermal plasma of electric arc discharge between electrodes with Zn admixtures

Plasma of the free burning electric arc between Ag–SnO₂–ZnO composite electrodes as well as brass electrodes were investigated. The plasma temperature distributions were obtained by Boltzmann plot method involving Cu I, Ag I or Zn I spectral line emissions. The electron density distributions were obtained from the width and from absolute intensity of spectral lines. The laser absorption spectroscopy was used for measurement of copper atom concentration in plasma. Plasma equilibrium composition was calculated using two independent groups of experimental values (temperature and copper atom concentration, temperature and electron density). It was found that plasma of the free burning electric arc between brass electrodes is in local thermodynamical equilibrium. The experimental verification of the spectroscopic data of Zn I spectral lines was carried out.     

磁强计数据辨识卫星自旋状态

针对近地低轨三轴稳定卫星在轨管理后期,除磁强计外其他姿态敏感器都无效情况下的姿态异常问题,分析了三轴稳定卫星失去姿态基准后,星体自旋状态下三轴磁强计测量数据的特点,提出了使用磁强计测量数据的矢量信息,以找到能够获取卫星状态的方法,从而建立了磁强计测量矢量与卫星自旋轴的几何关系,给出了处于自旋状态下的卫星自旋轴确定方法。通过此种辨识方法,获得了某气象卫星姿态异常翻转状态下的自旋矢量方向和自旋角速度,从而证明了该辨识方法快速、有效,可以作为姿态异常卫星自旋状态的辨识手段,为恢复卫星姿态提供了重要信息,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

Simultaneous state and actuator fault estimation for satellite attitude control systems

In this paper, a new nonlinear augmented observer is proposed and applied to satellite attitude control systems. The observer can estimate system state and actuator fault simultaneously. It can enhance the performances of rapidly-varying faults estimation. Only original system matrices are adopted in the parameter design. The considered faults can be unbounded, and the proposed augmented observer can estimate a large class of faults. Systems without disturbances and the fault whose finite times derivatives are zero piecewise are initially considered, followed by a discussion of a general situation where the system is subject to disturbances and the finite times derivatives of the faults are not null but bounded. For the considered nonlinear system, convergence conditions of the observer are provided and the stability analysis is performed using Lyapunov direct method. Then a feasible algorithm is explored to compute the observer parameters using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by considering an example of a closed-loop satellite attitude control system. The simulation results show satisfactory perfor-mance in estimating states and actuator faults. It also shows that multiple faults can be estimated successfully.     

RP-3航空煤油燃烧的详细和简化化学动力学模型

建立了一个包含109组分和946个基元反应的煤油燃烧详细化学反应动力学模型,采用"准稳态"假设方法来对其进行简化,得到了包含22组分18步总包反应的简化反应模型.通过与典型实验结果和文献计算结果对比可以看出,简化模型具有较高的准确性,能够准确反映出RP-3航空煤油点火特性,能够用来对煤油燃烧问题进行准确的数值模拟.      

基于状态空间法的低马赫数翼型气动载荷计算

Leishman-Beddoes(L-B)非定常动态失速模型适用于中等马赫数(Ma>0.3),而在低马赫条件(Ma<0.3)下存在与翼型气动试验数据不符合的问题,为此首先研究了低马赫数条件下翼型的非定常动态失速气动特性,其次采用状态空间法从翼型表面气流变化的角度修正了L-B模型,最后通过与翼型气动载荷试验数据的对比表明在低马赫数条件下对L-B模型的修正是正确的,能够准确预测及分析翼型的气动载荷,且该修正模型易于耦合进直升机综合分析代码中.      

稳态温度场作用下涡轮叶片振动特性的研究

根据一维线性分段插值方法对一维温度场进行分段插值拟合,为有限元方法分析温度场作用下叶片振动问题中温度载荷的施加提供了简化可行的方案,利用有限元方法验证该线性拟合方案的可行性,并采用多种方法对计算结果进行验证分析,对一维稳态温度场的分段插值进行了误差分析,得到稳态温度场作用下叶片振动问题的有限元分析计算方法和温度载荷施加方案。     

大型运载火箭动力系统非线性稳态特性的敏感性分析

讨论了大型运载火箭动力系统非线性稳态参数（系统平衡点参数）对于内外扰动因素的敏感性。考虑的内外扰动因素包括：系统结构参数与组件性能参数变化、推进剂性能参数变化、推进剂供应系统入口压力变化和环境温度变化,并得出了有指导意义的结果。     

发动机故障诊断主状态量模型合理解的选择

主状态量模型是基于发动机故障方程的发动机故障诊断的一种十分有效的方法,它在发动机故障诊断上的成功应用已为大量实例所证实。发动机故障诊断主状态量模型的一个技术关键就是合理解的选择问题。本文给出了选择合理解的基本原则。这些原则可以有效地提高合理解选择的确定性和故障诊断的故障分辨率。对于JT9D发动机的大量故障实例利用主状态量模型(加权最小二乘法)进行了检验。故障诊断的成功率达90%以上,并且得到了许多有用的信息,文中给出了24个实例的故障诊断结果以及故障趋势分析的典型例子。     

三维铸件定向凝固过程模拟Ⅱ——非稳态定向凝固过程边界元解

定向凝固过程可分为两个阶段即为抽拉前的稳态过程和抽拉后的非稳态过程,此部分用边界元法对三维瞬态过程进行了数值模拟,给出了定向过程中的热源及温度分布特性。