基于主星带伴随小卫星编队系统的AT-INSAR研究

针对主星带伴随小卫星编队雷达系统的特点和AT INSAR的基本原理,本文对主星带伴随小卫星编队雷达系统执行AT INSAR任务进行了比较全面的分析。本文建立了主星带伴随小卫星编队雷达系统AT INSAR模型。基于这个模型分析了临界基线、测速精度,以及动目标检测等性能。最后,对一个L波段的主星带伴随小卫星编队系统完成AT INSAR任务进行了仿真。结果表明,测速精度对于编队小卫星的基线测量精度要求相对较高,而且检测地面慢速运动目标是可行的。     

Experimental and Numerical Studies of Vitiated Air Effects on Hydrogen-fueled Supersonic Combustor Performance

This paper deals with the vitiation effects of test air on the scramjet performance in the ground combustion heated facilities. The primary goal is to evaluate the effects of H2O and CO2, the two major vitiated species generated by combustion heater, on hydrogen-fueled supersonic combustor performance with experimental and numerical approaches. The comparative experiments in the clean air and vitiated air are conducted by using the resistance heated direct-connected facility, with the typical Mach 4 flight conditions simulated. The H2O and CO2 species with accurately controlled contents are added to the high enthalpy clean air from resistance heater, to synthesize the vitiated air of a combustion-type heater. Typically, the contents of H2O species can be varied within the range of 3.5%-30% by mole, and 3.0%-10% for CO2 species. The total temperature, total pressure, Mach number and O2 mole fraction at the combustor entrance are well-matched between the clean air and vitiated air. The combustion experiments are completed at the fuel equivalence ratios of 0.53 and 0.42 respectively. Furthermore, three-dimensional (3D) reacting flow simulations of combustor flowpath are performed to provide insight into flow field structures and combustion chemistry details that cannot resolved by experimental instruments available. Finally, the experimental data, combined with computational results, are employed to analyze the effects of H2O and CO2 vitiated air on supersonic combustion characteristics and performance. It is concluded that H2O and CO2 contaminants can significantly inhibit the combustion induced pressure rise measured from combustor wall, and the pressure profile decreases with the increasing H2O and CO2 contents in nonlinear trend; simulation results agree well with experimental data and the overall vitiation effects are captured; direct extrapolation of the results from vitiated air to predict the performance of actual flight conditions could result in over-fueling the combustor, possible inlet un-start and inappropriate combustion mode transition. The detailed analysis and discussion are presented and the research conclusions are summarized.     

激波控制矢量喷管流动与工作特性研究

利用数值模拟方法,研究了激波控制矢量喷管的流场结构与工作特性,分析了射流流量、外流马赫数及落压比对喷管流动和性能的影响。结果表明:随着射流流量的增大,射流对主流产生的阻碍作用增大,使得注气缝上游的高压分离区增大,上、下壁面压差增大,矢量角增大;但射流流量过大时,激波会影响下壁面的压力分布,使喷管推力矢量性能降低。外流马赫数增加使喷管出口附近及上壁面注气缝下游壁面的压力降低,因此上、下壁面的压差减小,喷管的推力矢量性能降低。随着落压比的增大,注气缝上游的分离激波位置后移,注气缝下游分离区内的相对压力降低,使上、下壁面的压差减小;另外,喷管工作状态从过膨胀状态向欠膨胀状态转变时,压差产生的推力增大,喷管的推力矢量性能降低。     

飞机水面降落的机身载荷研究

文中研究了飞机水面降落的冲击载荷。利用动网格技术控制飞机以及整个计算区域的运动,VOF方法描述气一液界面的运动变化。分析了不同降落速度、飞行速度和降落仰角下,飞机水面降落时机身压强随时间的变化规律。在三种降落条件下,机身压强值的变化规律基本一致。机身压强在入水的初始阶段达到最大值,随后迅速下降,最后保持稳定。同时,随着降落速度、匕行速度和降落仰角的增大,机身压强的最大值也随之增大。与降落速度和降落仰角相比,飞行速度对机身压强的影响程度较小。     

跨声速雷诺数效应的初步分析

本文概述了雷诺数Re效应的宏观表现,并从物理角度和边界层方程出发分析了Re数效应。研究表明,Re数效应根本上是通过干预边界层发展来实现的,集中体现在Re数对分离乃至更一般的激波与边界层相互作用区位置和范围的影响,这是Re数效应的一个本质方面。Re数对气动力参数,如俯仰力矩中心位置等的影响是通过这一途径实现的。此外,Re数效应的表现不是孤立的,在一定程度上受其他流动条件,如飞行马赫数(M)、物体形状等制约,据此本文提出了有关Re数效应控制的设想。     

空天飞机的真实气体效应

本文首先以美国阿波罗飞船和航天飞机气动特性的飞行试验结果与风洞试验结果存在差别为例，说明研究真实气体效应对发展高超声速飞行器的重要性。在分析平衡流和非平衡流中激波特性的基础上，根据典型的空天飞机上升段轨道，分析了空天飞机激波后的平衡组元分布和松弛距离。进而，讨论了真实气体效应对空天飞机气动特性的影响，其中介绍了近代研究真实气体效应的计算流体力学方法和试验技术，重点介绍了Ｐａｒｋ提出的确定化学反应速率系数的双温度模型。最后，对今后空天飞机真实气体效应的研究工作提出了建议。     

对动矩心的动量矩定量的探讨

本文从动静法的角度，以牵连运动为平动的动点为矩心，根据惯性力的定义，引入质点牵连惯性力，成功地证明了动量矩定量，得出了动量矩定量的一般表达式，并对其结果进行了讨论。     

Effects of Shot Peening Process on Thermal Cycling Lifetime of TBCs Prepared by EB-PVD

Conventional two-layered thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are prepared by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) with ZrO2-8 wt% Y2O3 (8YSZ) as top coat and CoCrAlY as bond coat on disk-shaped Ni based super-alloy. In this paper, three kinds of shot peening process with different lengths of operating time were adopted for bond coating. As a result, changes took place in its sur- face roughness and the surface micro-hardness. A thermal cycling test at 1 273 K×55 min and another at room temperature for 5 min were performed to study the effects of shot peening process on the thermal cycling lifetime of TBCs. It is found that a moderate shot peening process will be able to prolong the life time. The oxidation dynamic of the as-processed TBCs basically accords with the para- bolic rule, and the oxidation test also attests to the spallation between YSZ and thermal growth oxide (TGO) responsible mainly for the failure of TBCs.     

Magnetic and Optical Properties of the TiO2-Co-TiO2 Composite Films Grown by Magnetron Sputtering

The TiO2-Co-TiO2 sandwich films were successfully grown on glass and silicon substrata making alternate use of radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering and direct current magnetron sputtering. The structures and properties of these films were identified with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra and X-ray photoemission spectra (XPS). It is shown that the sandwich film consists of two anatase TiO2 films with an embedded Co nano-film. The fact that, when the Co nano-film thickens, varied red shifts appear in optical absorption spectra may well be explained by the quantum confinement and tunnel effects. As for magnetic properties, the saturation magnetization, remnant magnetic induction and coercivity vary with the thickness of the Co nano-films. Moreover, the Co nano-film has a critical thickness of about 8.6 nm, which makes the coercivity of the composite film reach the maximum of about 1413 Oe.     

运载火箭电气产品低气压环境适应性设计研究

运载火箭生命周期内会经历低气压环境,该环境会引发电气产品一系列不利的、具有破坏性的环境效应。因此,电气产品在方案设计时应考虑低气压环境适应性问题。对运载火箭电气产品典型低气压环境效应及对应的设计措施进行了研究,提出了可行的低气压环境试验考核方法,形成了较为系统的运载火箭电气产品低气压环境适应性设计方法。该方法可为运载火箭电气产品低气压环境适应性设计提供参考。