大型真空热试验中的摄像观察技术

为完成在大型真空热试验中对飞船表面及舷窗的摄像观察提出了实施方案,分析并解决了普通摄像设备在真空—低温下使用的关键的技术问题,满足了试验要求.     

利用微波探测仪(ATMS)对在轨微波辐射计观测精度的模拟分析

微波辐射计的观测精度及其对数值模式同化应用的影响评估是微波辐射计观测指标设计的重要参考。基于微波探测仪(ATMS)资料,利用三维变分同化系统模拟分析在轨微波辐射计的观测精度指标。针对ATMS观测误差特征,在其观测基础上增加均值为零、标准偏差分别为0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0K的正态随机扰动,进而获得不同精度的观测模拟值序列,然后利用Harris和Kelley的辐射资料偏差订正经验方法订正不同精度的观测资料。偏差订正后,利用三维变分同化模式(WRFDA)直接同化ATMS资料。通过2016年6月6h预报场的同化试验,评估了不同观测精度的模拟资料对数值模式的同化影响。     

含硼富燃燃气燃烧实验研究

为实现固冲发动机二次燃烧模型验证,结合固冲发动机工作条件,设计了一种带透明观察窗燃烧实验装置;营造了简单的燃烧环境,实现了燃烧过程掺混作用的弱化;借助高速摄像进行了以空气速度作为单一变量的含硼富燃燃气燃烧可视化测量,获得了火焰形态结构;采用高速数据采集,获得了燃烧室压力;将实验数据与数值模拟结果进行了对比和分析。结果表明,燃气与空气速度相近时,火焰呈锥角结构,硼粒子的点火距离较长;燃气与空气速度差较小时,同一位置燃烧室压力较大;燃气与空气速度近似程度决定火焰的形态;数值模拟结果与实验结果基本吻合。     

用于荧光细胞观察的制冷CCD成像系统

细胞成像技术是研究细胞运动、分裂和凋亡的必要手段,所以荧光条件下的细胞成像技术显得尤为重要。为满足荧光细胞观察对微弱光信号的检测和成像的要求,文章通过结构和电路设计,研制了一种用于荧光细胞观察的制冷CCD成像系统。通过分析各组件的技术特点,设计了高效制冷结构,提高了细胞荧光观察输出图像质量。     

基于视觉的飞行器运动参数串行式递归估计

针对利用视觉方法进行飞行器运动参数估计中旋转与平移参数耦合及计算量大的问题 ,设计了一种适用于递归方法的串行式运动参数估计模型。证明了旋转运动参数的估计不依 赖于平移参数,据此建立了基于特征线的旋转运动参数估计模型,进而设计了串行式运动参 数估计模型。给出并证明了利用该模型进行运动参数估计时解的唯一性结论。仿真实验和实 测试验表明：相对于集中式模型,使用串行式递归模型进行飞行器运动参数估计时计算耗时 减小、姿态精度更高、鲁棒性更强。
     

一种天基光学GEO目标定位方法及初轨算法观测几何评价

提出一种基于天基光学短弧观测数据对GEO区目标进行定位的方法,以GEO区目标半径、偏心率为几何约束,通过最小二乘法估计目标位置、速度,估计结果可作为初轨算法的输入,也可以为初值预测轨道,引导其它平台对目标观测。利用广义Laplace初轨算法对多平台多观测弧段处理,为表征观测几何对定轨性能的影响,将几何精度因子(GOP)扩展到多平台多观测弧段,并引入几何精度因子的误差灵敏度(ESGOP)表征测量误差对观测几何的影响,仿真结果表明:对GEO目标而言,当GOP不小于0.03、ESGOP不大于0.005时,对目标的初轨精度可控制在50km之内。     

带移动负载海上浮筒系统运动响应特性初步研究

将某类海上自动作业系统简化为带移动负载的浮筒系统,其中负载简化为外径为180mm、约50kg重的柱型体,浮筒为外径533mm的圆筒;初步设计了浮筒系统的主参数。在此基础上,采用频域数值模拟计算,获得了浮筒自由状态下的固有周期和运动响应传递函数(RAO);再采用时域模拟方法,预报了3级海况下(JONSWAP谱)浮筒系统整体的运动响应特性,给出了运动响应幅值、最小干舷高度等特性参数,可为相关装备设计提供技术参考和借鉴。     

Electromagnetic waves observed by Venus Express at periapsis: Detection and analysis techniques

The magnetometer on Venus Express was designed to be able to obtain 128 Hz samples of the magnetic field from two sensors in a gradiometer configuration. This mode is used around periapsis to determine whether the signals reported at low altitudes near 100 Hz, had the properties of electromagnetic waves generated by electric discharges in the Venus atmosphere. The lack of a magnetic cleanliness program and the shortness of the magnetometer boom make this a challenging measurement. Fortunately the signals are sufficiently strong that they can be easily resolved with rather straightforward analysis techniques.     

Vision-based bio-inspired guidance law for small aerial vehicle

During predation, a flying insect can form a stealth flight path. This behavior is called motion camouflage. Based on the study results of this behavior, the perception and neurology of flying insects, a novel bio-inspired guidance law is proposed for the terminal guidance for small aerial vehicle with charge-coupled device imaging seekers. The kinematics relationship between a small aerial vehicle and target is analyzed, and a two-dimensional guidance law model is established by using artificial neural networks. To compare with the proportional guidance law, the numerical simulations are carried out in the vertical plane and in the horizontal plane respectively. The simulation results show that the ballistic of the small aerial vehicle is straighter and the normal acceleration is smaller by using the bio-inspired guidance law than by using the proportional guidance law. That is to say, the bio-inspired guidance law just uses the information of the target from the imaging seeker,but the performance of it can be better than that of the proportional guidance law.     

Global Environmental Alert Service (GEAS)

Early warning systems represent an innovative and effective approach to mitigate the risk associated with natural hazards. Early warning technologies are now available for almost all natural hazards and systems are already in operation in all parts of the world. Nevertheless, recent disasters such as the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 and Katrina hurricane in 2005, highlighted inadequacies in early warning technologies.

Efforts towards the development of a global warning system are necessary for turning the tide in early warning processes and technologies. There is a pressing need for a globally comprehensive early warning system based on existing systems. The global system should be a mechanism which can consolidate scientific information and evidences, package this knowledge in a form usable to international and national decision makers and actively disseminate this information to those users.

The proposed Global Environmental Alert Service (GEAS) will provide information emanating from monitoring, Earth observing and early warning systems to users in a near-real-time mode and bridge the gap between the scientific community and policy makers. Characteristics and operational aspects of such a service, GEAS, are discussed.