一种水下航行体运动参数测量系统的设计

针对航行体水下试验的要求,设计了一种水下航行体运动参数测量系统。从该系统的原理算法、硬件设计和软件设计等方面进行了详细的阐述。该系统以采用硅微传感器的姿态测量系统（以下简称MTi）作为惯性测量组合,导航计算机采集MTi中的加速度计、陀螺和磁力计的原始传感器数据,结合捷联惯导四元数算法更新姿态矩阵,对航行体的姿态、速度、位置进行实时解算并存储解算结果,试验结束后通过上位机对试验数据进行读取。该测量系统多次应用于航行体的水下试验,获得了航行体水下运动参数。经试验验证,该测量系统性能可靠,可以满足水下航行体的运动参数测量的需求。     

月基平台对地观测数据传输链路方案设计及分析

数据传输及处理能力是月基平台构建中的一个重要问题,如何高效准确地传输海量对地观测数据至地球供后续研究是开展月基对地观测的关键环节。通过STK和MATLAB软件联合仿真,模拟月基平台对地观测数据传输链路,首次提出适用于月基平台的下行链路通信方案:通过构建中纬度地球站、最小间隔经度值为40°的2颗中继卫星组的设计方案,可以最大程度地实现全天候、无时断的信号传输,满足下行链路接收端获取足够强度和低误码率的信息,从而保障月基平台的运行。      

Earth observation from space – The issue of environmental sustainability

Remote sensing scientists work under assumptions that should not be taken for granted and should, therefore, be challenged. These assumptions include the following:1. Space, especially Low Earth Orbit (LEO), will always be available to governmental and commercial space entities that launch Earth remote sensing missions.2. Space launches are benign with respect to environmental impacts.3. Minimization of Type 1 error, which provides increased confidence in the experimental outcome, is the best way to assess the significance of environmental change.4. Large-area remote sensing investigations, i.e. national, continental, global studies, are best done from space.5. National space missions should trump international, cooperative space missions to ensure national control and distribution of the data products.At best, all of these points are arguable, and in some cases, they're wrong. Development of observational space systems that are compatible with sustainability principles should be a primary concern when Earth remote sensing space systems are envisioned, designed, and launched. The discussion is based on the hypothesis that reducing the environmental impacts of the data acquisition step, which is at the very beginning of the information stream leading to decision and action, will enhance coherence in the information stream and strengthen the capacity of measurement processes to meet their stated functional goal, i.e. sustainable management of Earth resources. We suggest that unconventional points of view should be adopted and when appropriate, remedial measures considered that could help to reduce the environmental footprint of space remote sensing and of Earth observation and monitoring systems in general. This article discusses these five assumptions in the context of sustainable management of Earth's resources. Taking each assumption in turn, we find the following:(1) Space debris may limit access to Low Earth Orbit over the next decades.(2) Relatively speaking, given that they're rare event, space launches may be benign, but study is merited on upper stratospheric and exospheric layers given the chemical activity associated with rocket combustion by-products.(3) Minimization of Type II error should be considered in situations where minimization of Type I error greatly hampers or precludes our ability to correct the environmental condition being studied.(4) In certain situations, airborne collects may be less expensive and more environmentally benign, and comparative studies should be done to determine which path is wisest.(5) International cooperation and data sharing will reduce instrument and launch costs and mission redundancy. Given fiscal concerns of most of the major space agencies – e.g. NASA, ESA, CNES – it seems prudent to combine resources.     

组织类型对钛合金损伤容限性能的影响及电镜原位观察

采用扫描电镜(SEM)原位拉伸、原位疲劳方法研究TA15钛合金三种类型组织的裂纹尖端形状和疲劳裂纹扩展速率及扩展过程,并与宏观力学性能对比.结果表明,片状组织由于裂尖钝化、裂纹扩展路径曲折及分枝,损伤容限性能比等轴、双态组织好,即断裂韧性最高,疲劳裂纹扩展速率最低.     

难加工材料闭式整体构件精密电火花加工技术研究

闭式整体构件因其结构复杂、叶间流道空间弯扭程度大,使得加工可达性极差,且材料一般为难加工的高强度合金,整体制造难度很大。针对这一制造难题,研究了闭式整体构件电火花加工的若干关键技术,如叶间流道加工区域划分、成形电极及其加工运动轨迹设计、工艺基准统一和电参数选择与优化、数控电火花加工过程仿真分析等。在此基础上针对典型闭式整体构件进行了试制加工。试验结果表明,基于所研究的关键技术能够采用数控电火花加工技术精密、可靠地实现闭式整体构件的整体制造。     

基于多模态感知与融合的无人车韧性导航系统

针对野外复杂环境下的无人车自主导航需要,建立了一种基于多源融合定位、语义建图与运动规划的智能导航系统.首先,针对IMU、轮式里程计、视觉SLAM与激光雷达SLAM等测量子系统,设计了误差状态扩展卡尔曼滤波器进行融合定位.其次,基于改进的CNN语义分割网络生成环境的语义图像,与3D激光雷达点云融合,并使用最大概率更新算法构建语义3D地图.接着,在语义和几何信息投影获得可通行性代价的基础上,提出了一种语义动态窗口的局部路径规划方法.最后,将以上感知、定位与规划方法整合成完整的智能导航系统,在城市与野外典型场景的测试中,相对定位误差小于0.4％D,具备一定的韧性导航定位和智能感知规划能力.     

基于Transformer层次预测的多星应急观测任务规划方法

应急观测任务规划是一个强时效性的复杂组合优化问题,必须在规定的时限内完成相应的计算。采用机器学习的方法对规划问题进行初始规划方案预测,可以有效地简化计算复杂度。为此,提出一种基于Transformer层次预测的多星应急观测任务规划方法,将多星任务规划的求解过程分解为3个步骤：首先,利用基于Transformer的任务可调度性预测模型预测待规划任务是否执行,得到预执行任务集合;然后,基于Transformer的任务分配模型对预执行任务集合分配卫星,得到初始规划方案;最后,利用基于随机爬山的约束修正算法对初始规划方案进行优化调整,得到可行规划方案。为验证所提方法的有效性,通过大量仿真实验与CPLEX优化器、标准遗传算法、长短期记忆网络等方法模型进行比较,实验结果表明所提方法计算耗时短,规划收益高,适用于多星观测任务快速规划。     

对地观测卫星姿态非线性控制方法

针对对地观测卫星姿态控制系统 ,着重考虑干扰、噪声对卫星姿态稳定度的影响。忽略耦合和挠性部件影响 ,也不考虑敏感器和执行机构的动态特性 ,针对卫星定向模式的主调节器设计问题构造了一种简单实用的非线性控制器 ,并分析和验证了该非线性控制器的有效性。     

确定无陀螺卫星姿态的二阶非线性滤波算法研究

应用基于二阶泰勒级数近似得到的非线性滤波技术，设计了利用星敏感器矢量观测信息确定无陀螺三轴稳定卫星姿态的二阶非线性滤波算法，结合矢量观测的特点，分别讨论了单矢量观测信息与多矢量观测信息的处理方法，并把QUEST算法作为矢量观测数据压缩技术有效地结合进姿态估计器中，使得多矢量观测情况下的滤波修正算法得到了简化，仿真测试结果证明，二阶非线性姿态估计器的滤波性能要优于的扩展卡尔曼滤波姿态估计算法。     

基于DEM的星载SAR图像模拟以及用于图像精校正

根据星载SAR的距离-多普勒成像原理对DEM的三维位置点进行成像几何位置的计算,然后根据经验公式给出了雷达后向散射系数的模拟方法。针对DEM格网间隔和SAR图像分辨率的不同,以及由于侧视成像雷达的特点而导致山区的迎坡和背坡模拟图像点密度不均匀等问题,采用了基于DEM格网点内插的算法。最后应用模拟的SAR图像和真实图像匹配来实现星载SAR图像的几何精校正处理。通过采用RADARSAT的实际图像进行了图像的模拟和几何校正,证明了方法的可行性。