Flux rope passage at the Moon while in the terrestrial magnetotail

The Moon spends 20% of its orbit within the terrestrial magnetosphere. During this time it experiences a dynamic plasma environment, including high-speed streams, flux ropes and a flux of heavy ions from ionospheric outflows. 3D multi-fluid simulations of the Moon within the magnetosphere during a substorm shows that a highly variable plasma flow can develop in the vicinity of the Moon due to the passage of a flux rope. The transit of a flux rope past the Moon potentially leads to a plasma wake that is mis-aligned from the optical wake by nearly 30°$30°$. This will have implications when determining the range of space weathering and surface charging the lunar surface experiences.     

建筑企业工程项目成本控制

本文在分析建筑企业成本控制现状和成本控制特殊性的基础上,结合工作实际,指出了建筑企业成本控制中存在的问题,并有针对性地提出了加强成本控制的具体对策,旨在帮助建筑企业能够更好地控制工程项目成本,提高经济效益。     

航天测控工程计量保障需求和管理对策研究

航天测控工程计量保障工作是完成航天器飞行测量控制任务的重要保证。对比了航天测控系统与普通电子测量仪器的功能原理,分析了影响航天测控工程测量准确度的因素,研究了航天测控工程中测量准确度和工程技术活动计量保障需求,针对航天测控工程计量保障特点和存在问题,提出了建立并完善航天测控工程计量保障体系的管理对策建议。     

大型客机数字化设计支持体系框架

 大型飞机是对中国航空工业形成巨大挑战的大型工程项目,具有研制周期紧、技术难度大、质量要求高的特点,而设计又是引领研制的关键阶段。分析了数字化技术在飞机设计中的应用和发展情况,提出了大型客机数字化设计体系的概念,该体系能够覆盖大型客机设计全过程、对设计相关的各专业技术与管理部门提供支持、并能与制造及服务等环节相联系。提出了大型客机数字化设计体系框架,对其中包含的10个系统的功能和运行模式进行了阐述。最后展望了大型客机数字化设计的发展趋势。     

Understanding the mineralogy of a compositional anomaly north of the Korolev basin using Moon mineralogy mapper

The work attempts to understand the mineralogy of the reported geochemical anomaly located in the north – northeast region of the Korolev basin using Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M³) onboard Chandrayaan ?1 and other lunar datasets. To understand the mineralogy, colour composite images using integrated band depth parameters and mineral indices were prepared, and the M³ spectral signatures corresponding to the unique colours of these colours composites were investigated. Further, Modified Gaussian Model (MGM) deconvolution was applied to these spectra. The results of spectra studies reveal that the area is made up of heterogeneous lithologies, predominantly composed of anorthosite along with minor occurrences of pyroxene-bearing (both low-calcium and high-calcium variety) and spinel-bearing lithologies. Correlation of spectral studies with the morphology revealed that pyroxene was typically associated with fresh craters and their ejecta. Spinel was found to be ubiquitous and is well-dispersed, possibly distributed along with the ejecta blanket of large impact craters. This association hints that the pyroxene-hosted layer most likely occurs beneath the spinel-bearing layer. Such observed assemblages may have resulted from physical mixing during the impact cratering events. This mixed lithology could arise due to the mafic mineral-bearing ejecta of the South-Pole Aitken (SPA) basin and spinel-bearing Orientale ejecta. Korolev most likely impacted on a thick layer of SPA ejecta, and impact basins such as Hertzsprung and Orientale have occurred post-Korolev formation. Orientale being the youngest of the large impact basins, its ejecta carrying the light plain material would have overprinted the older SPA ejecta. Smaller impact craters would have churned the ejecta so that presently we observe a composite lithology with a variable abundance of pyroxene and spinel.     

Two-maneuver indirect contingency return from a low lunar orbit

The problem of contingency return from the low lunar orbit is studied. A novel two-maneuver indirect return strategy is proposed. By effectively using the Earth’s gravity to change the orbital plane of the transfer orbit, the second maneuver in the well-known three-maneuver return strategy can be removed, so the total delta-v is reduced. Compared with the single-maneuver direct return, our strategy has the advantage in that the re-entry epoch for the minimum delta-v cost can be advanced in time, with a minimum delta-v value similar to that of the direct return. The most obvious difference between our strategy and the traditional single- or multiple- maneuver strategies is that the complete transfer orbit is a patch between a two-body conic orbit and a three-body orbit instead of two conic orbits. Our strategy can serve as a useful option for contingency return from a low lunar orbit, especially when the delta-v constraint is stringent for a direct return and the contingency epoch is far away from the return window.     

New findings and appraisal of structural control on polygonal impact crater rim-geometry,a study from Mare Fecunditatis,Moon

Polygonal Impact Craters (PICs), having a distinct polygonal rim geometry, are common on terrestrial planets, their natural satellites such as Earth’s Moon and the asteroids. The straight segments of PIC-rims are arguably subparallel or oblique to existing fracture/fault planes in their vicinity, and such pre-existing structural weak planes are considered responsible for the shape of the PICs. The Mare Fecunditatis, a lunar maria, preserves mappable PICs as well as different geomorphic features like wrinkle ridges, grabens and pit crater chains which owe their origin to either compressional or extensional faulting. To understand the structural control, if any, on the PIC-rim geometry in Mare Fecunditatis, PICs, both simple and complex, and the deformational features are mapped, superposition relations between them are observed and trends are compared. The comparison between frequency of rim segment trends of the two types of PICs with wrinkle ridges, grabens and pit crater chains, and also statistical correlation between them, interestingly indicate that the wrinkle ridges and grabens are found to have negligible or no influence on the rim geometry of the PICs. Wrinkle ridges, known to be a group of the Mare Fecunditatis' oldest deformation features, are older than most of the preserved craters and are likely to have had control over the PIC shape. However, lack of correlation between the trends of wrinkle ridges and PIC rims indicates that most of the craters were formed after the fractures beneath the old wrinkle ridges ceased to act as mechanical discontinuity planes due to possible induration caused by fracture-filling through concomitant and later magma injection. The PICs dispersed throughout the maria could have avoided the influence of the grabens, the majority of which are located near the margin of the maria. Pit crater chains with possible deep roots and still/recently continued dike activities, were the only available weak planes which could influence the PIC rim shapes.     

Technical evaluation of additive manufacturing technologies for in-situ fabrication with lunar regolith

In-Situ Fabrication and Repair can significantly reduce the construction cost of a permanent Moon base by using additive manufacturing (AM) and exploiting local resources instead of bringing all the required materials from Earth. In this article, we evaluate alternative additive manufacturing technologies for building a lunar base and maintaining it across its lifecycle. We compare alternative 3D-printing techniques, already tested for manufacturing with simulants of lunar regolith, using energy, Earth-deliverables consumption, and compressive strength of the produced samples as figures of merit. Based on our analysis, we conclude that Cement Contour Crafting and Stereo-lithography AM techniques are the most promising solutions for the construction of outdoor lunar infrastructure and small precise parts and instruments, respectively.     

基于自适应预测校正的月球软着陆制导控制方法

应用自适应预测制导方法，研究月球软着陆过程中的制导控制问题。作为一种具有逻辑结构的构造性方法，本文概述了自适应预测制导方法的实现步骤。针对月球软着陆过程中制导控制量少于被控制量这一“欠驱动”问题，在已有的基于一阶特征模型的全系数自适应预测校正方法的基础上，将输入输出相等的系统拓展为输入少于输出的“欠驱动”系统，以满足对位置、速度矢量同时进行制导控制的需要。本文针对初始状态误差、推力偏差、质量偏差以及比冲偏差下的软着陆过程，进行了Monte Carlo仿真分析，结果表明，自适应预测制导方法可有效用于月球软着陆过程的制导控制，且具有较高的精度和较强的鲁棒性。