推行项目管理岗位资质认证的思考

分析了在航天器研制单位推行项目管理岗位专业资质认证的必要性和可行性,提出了开展资质认证的总体原则和岗位范围,以及认证上岗的程序,并尝试提出了时间安排设想。研究结果表明,在各研制单位目前的情况下,推行认证是非常必要的,也具备实施的基础条件。当务之急是尽快制定出具备单位特点乃至航天特色的项目管理岗位资质标准。     

多指标可拓判别在科研项目等级评判中的应用

利用可拓判别法对科研申请项口进行等级综合排序,对科研经费的划拨提供了具体的量化基础。     

装备科研项目后评价指标体系及模型

为客观、科学地进行装备科研项目后评价提供理论分析和实践依据,在分析装备科研项目后评价特点的基础上,建立了装备科研项目后评价指标体系,确定了指标的权重,并采用多层次模糊综合评价法建立了装备科研项目后评价模型.(上接第713页)     

The present status of the Japanese Penetrator Mission: LUNAR-A

The scientific objective of the LUNAR-A Japanese Penetrator Mission is to explore the lunar interior by seismic and heat-flow experiments. Two penetrators containing two-component seismometer and heat-flow probes will be deployed from a spacecraft onto the lunar surface, one on the nearside and the other on the farside of the moon. The data obtained by the penetrators will be transmitted to the ground station by way of the LUNAR-A mother spacecraft orbiting at an altitude of about 200 km. The seismic observations are expected to provide key data on the size of the lunar core, as well as data on the deep mantle structure. The heat-flow measurements at two different sites will also provide important data on the thermal structure and bulk concentrations of heat-generating elements in the Moon. These data will provide much stronger geophysical constraints on the origin and evolution of the Moon than has ever been obtained. The LUNAR-A mission was supposed to be launched in 2004. However, a malfunction of spacecraft subsystem and technical issues for penetrator system occurred during the course of the qualification level test. Therefore, further improvements and some modifications were considered to be required for reliability and robustness. The development of the mother spacecraft was temporarily suspended, while we have put a three-year program into effect to solve the penetrator technology issues.     

The Japanese lunar mission SELENE: Science goals and present status

The Japanese lunar mission SELENE (SELenological and ENgineering Explorer) has been in development to target launch scheduled 2007 summer by H-IIA rocket. The SELENE is starting final integration test after SAR (System Acceptance Review), SRR (System Reliability Review) and instrument environment test. The SELENE is a remote-sensing mission orbiting 100 km altitude of the Moon for nominal one year and extended some months to collect the data for studying the origin and evolution of the Moon. Fourteen instruments and experiment systems are preparing for studies of the Moon, in the Moon, and from the Moon; global element and mineral compositions, topological structure, gravity field of whole moon, and electromagnetic and particle environment of the Moon. The new data center SOAC (SELENE Operation and data Analysis Center) are completed to construct in JAXA Sagamihara campus, and end-to-end test will be carried out between SOAC and data downlink stations.     

Prospects in the orbital and rotational dynamics of the Moon with the advent of sub-centimeter lunar laser ranging

Lunar laser ranging (LLR) measurements are crucial for advanced exploration of the laws of fundamental gravitational physics and geophysics as well as for future human and robotic missions to the Moon. The corner-cube reflectors (CCR) currently on the Moon require no power and still work perfectly since their installation during the project Apollo era. Current LLR technology allows us to measure distances to the Moon with a precision approaching 1 mm. As NASA pursues the vision of taking humans back to the Moon, new, more precise laser ranging applications will be demanded, including continuous tracking from more sites on Earth, placing new CCR arrays on the Moon, and possibly installing other devices such as transponders, etc. for multiple scientific and technical purposes. Since this effort involves humans in space, then in all situations the accuracy, fidelity, and robustness of the measurements, their adequate interpretation, and any products based on them, are of utmost importance. Successful achievement of this goal strongly demands further significant improvement of the theoretical model of the orbital and rotational dynamics of the Earth–Moon system. This model should inevitably be based on the theory of general relativity, fully incorporate the relevant geophysical processes, lunar librations, tides, and should rely upon the most recent standards and recommendations of the IAU for data analysis. This paper discusses methods and problems in developing such a mathematical model. The model will take into account all the classical and relativistic effects in the orbital and rotational motion of the Moon and Earth at the sub-centimeter level. The model is supposed to be implemented as a part of the computer code underlying NASA Goddard’s orbital analysis and geophysical parameter estimation package GEODYN and the ephemeris package PMOE 2003 of the Purple Mountain Observatory. The new model will allow us to navigate a spacecraft precisely to a location on the Moon. It will also greatly improve our understanding of the structure of the lunar interior and the nature of the physical interaction at the core–mantle interface layer. The new theory and upcoming millimeter LLR will give us the means to perform one of the most precise fundamental tests of general relativity in the solar system.     

控制系统故障诊断的实现方法研究

简要论述了故障诊断方法的重要性。并根据某控制系统的组成结构和特点,对系统结构描述、故障知识表述的技术规范进行了抽象。通过引入控制系统的结构信息,提出了一种基于部件互连的故障诊断方法,使得故障定位更准确有效。为满足用户的实际需求,设计了一套便于一线操作人员使用的故障诊断设备,从而提高了用户自我维修和保障的能力。     

基于最大值投影的运动点目标检测算法及其性能

针对低信噪比序列图像中微弱点状运动目标检测,提出了一种基于最大值投影构造组合帧图像与帧序号图像的检测算法,给出了算法的计算步骤。用建立的检测率和虚警率的分析模型,讨论了检测率、虚警率、信噪比、构造组合帧的图像帧数间的关系。仿真结果表明,通过合理选择组合帧数,该算法可有效检测出低信噪比条件下图像序列中的运动点目标和交叉运动的多点目标。     

美国FIA光学成像卫星项目失败的启示

“未来成像体系”（FIA）是美国政府大胆创新发展的新一代间谍卫星项目。此项目的取消或许是美国50年间谍卫星发展历史中最为惨痛的失败。文章介绍了FIA项目的发展背景、先进能力以及整个研制过程,并介绍了美国采取的一些补救措施。最后总结了FIA项目失败所揭示的一些经验教训。     

A roadmap to cave dwelling on the Moon and Mars

Habitat in lava tubes recently discovered on the Moon and Mars, should become a unifying concept for occupancy. Basic motivations and specifications for such a habitat are briefly reviewed.