再论建设项目的投资控制

合理确定建设项目投资控制的目标，做好决策阶段、设计阶段的投资控制以及主动控制各阶段对建设项目的投资控制均具有十分重要的作用，此外，还必须加强技术与经济的相结合，正确处理好二者之间的关系，这样才能切实地将控制项目投资概念渗透到各项工作中去。     

NASA格林研究中心的宇航推进与动力计划

介绍了NASA的宇航推进与动力(AP＆P)计划及其9个子计划。     

The Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM) Systems Engineering Effort – A successful exercise in cheaper,faster and (hopefully) better systems engineering

The Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM) is the latest Space Robot developed by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and McDonald Detwiller Space and Advanced Robotics (MD Robotics, previously Spar Aerospace) for the International Space Station (ISS). The SPDM has presented its designers with a number of new challenges in performing the Systems Engineering effort required for a complex robotic system:(1) The SPDM initial design was started and attained various levels of maturity for various components under the Space Station Freedom environment, then the Program was stopped and finally restarted under the harsher environment in which the International Space Station is being built.(2) The SPDM is the first space robot to utilize previously developed and space certified robotic components, as well as components with high-commonality to the previously developed ones (electronics, S/W).(3) New requirements levied by the Customer during the negotiations leading to the Program re-start necessitated significant architectural changes versus the SPDM configuration `frozen' when the Program was shut down.(4) The SPDM is the first robotic system of this complexity that is being built under a Firm Fixed Price contract, with the commonality assumptions as one of the cost drivers.This combination of components of various pedigree, coupled with the constraints imposed by an FFP contract have been addressed by the designers through the definition of a novel approach to integrated Systems and Design Engineering.     

试论预应力锚固技术在我国水利水电工程中的应用与发展

预应力锚固技术是一项潜力很大的工程措施，它效益显著，适应面广，既可对原有建筑物进行加固、补强，又可在新建工程中显示其独特的功能，而且由于须应力锚固具有传递拉应力的特殊优点，在国内外受到各部门的重视，取得了显著的成效。本文主要阐述了须应力锚固技术在我国水利水电工程中的应用和发展前景，并提出了预锚技术发展中值得研究及应注意的若干问题。     

航空武器项目区间DEA评价与决策

航空武器装备项目评价方法的科学性直接影响评价结果的准确性.在对DEA方法分析总结的基础之上,针对航空武器装备项目常用评价方法的局限性,以及航空武器装备项目规划评价阶段数据的不确定性,本文利用IDEA(区间数据包络分析)方法建立了航空武器装备项目方案有效性评价模型,并进行了实例研究.评价结果表明,本文所提出的IDEA评价决策方法不仅弥补了传统DEA方法的不足,而且克服了常用方法主观性强的弱点,因此其评价结果更加全面、更加符合实际情况.     

常见寿命分布组件初始贮存方案评估及优化

针对"长期贮存,一次使用"装备初始贮存方案评估及优化问题,分析了常见寿命分布组件的可靠度模型,建立了贮存期内组件及装备完好数量评估模型;以达标概率指标为约束条件,组件初始购置费用为优化目标,建立了组件初始贮存方案优化模型,提出了基于边际效益值的优化方法,开展了算法复杂性分析。算例分析表明,所建初始贮存方案评估模型的评估精度较高,优化后的初始贮存方案能够在满足达标概率要求的同时,使得组件购置费用最低。边际优化算法在保持计算精度的同时有效提高了计算效率。提出的模型和优化算法能够为装备保障人员制定合理的装备单元贮存方案提供决策支持。     

Optimal multi-site selection for a PV-based lunar settlement based on a novel method to estimate sun illumination profiles

Recently, space organizations have considered the Moon to host lunar bases. Such bases require power and energy to function. However, the efficient and safe use of the energy resources on the Moon is a huge challenge. Space photovoltaic (PV) power systems are appealing technologies due to their maturity and high solar energy availability at some locations on the Moon. The effectiveness of these PV systems depends on their selenographic location, which might necessitate the deployment of energy storage technologies to cover the base’s energy demand. Some analysts have proposed the installation of PV modules on kilometers-tall towers near the lunar poles to harvest more solar energy and limit the need for energy storage systems (ESSs). Alternatively, this paper proposes to harvest the energy from multiple sites in the lunar South Pole region using a novel technique to compute the Sun illumination profile and the LOLA topographic databases to compute the terrain elevations. The proposed algorithm seeks the most optimal configuration of sites and tower heights to minimize the longest night period and total distance between the sites. This study assesses groups of 1 to 6 sites assuming the use of towers having heights of 10, 100, and 500 [m]. The time horizon for the analysis is one Axial Precession Cycle, which is approximately 18.6 years. According to the results, a system of two sites with a separation of 42.05 [km] and towers of 500 [m] height has a maximum darkness period of only 3 [h] while another solution proposes a system of three sites with towers of 10 [m] that removes the need of EES (solar eclipse periods by the Earth are not considered). The proposed technique is suitable for engineering applications, such as base planning and operation management.     

从月球逃逸探测小行星的发射机会搜索

从月球逃逸探测小行星的发射机会搜索因需考虑日、地、月引力的影响而使问题变得复杂。针对该多体系统的发射机会搜索问题,提出了一种分层渐近的搜索方法。该方法首先通过分析地月系质心与小行星的几何关系,搜索从地月系质心到小行星的发射机会,进而以地月运动为研究对象,推导出了从月球轨道切向逃逸机会的判别条件,并基于此判别条件及等高线图法对逃逸机会进行了搜索。同时,为提高所得发射机会在多体模型下的轨道修正收敛性,给出了基于月心逃逸轨道参数为终端约束的日-地与日-地-月动力学模型的轨道渐近修正方法。最后,以近地小行星(3908)Nyx和(190491)2000 FJ20为例,搜索其从月球逃逸的发射机会,仿真计算表明了该方法的有效性。     

考虑人及组织因素的航天工程项目风险分析模型

针对人及组织因素是造成航天工程项目风险的重要原因,在揭示了人及组织因素产生航天工程项目风险的机理基础上,构建了考虑人及组织因素的航天工程项目风险分析模型。模型首先评价人及组织因素对航天工程元器件建造工作质量的影响,接着测度工作质量与不同缺陷类型之间的一致性概率,并应用Poisson分布计算缺陷严重性,最后根据贝叶斯定理对元器件先验失效率进行修正,通过一个经过数据处理的航天工程项目对所构建的模型和方法进行了验证。     

不同月球借力约束下的地月Halo轨道转移轨道设计

针对地月系L2点不同任务需求下的低耗能转移轨道设计问题,基于不变流形理论与混合优化技术,深入研究了不同月球借力约束与不同幅值Halo轨道的入轨点（简称HOI点）对转移轨道飞行时间与燃料消耗的影响,给出了HOI点选择策略。首先结合任务要求并考虑月球引力影响,在月球借力点施加不同约束条件,通过微分修正算法调整Halo轨道的稳定流形,设计月球到Halo轨道的转移轨道。采用遗传算法与微分修正算法相结合的混合优化策略,在同时考虑地球停泊轨道高度、倾角、升交点赤经与航迹角等多约束条件下,对燃料最优的地月转移轨道进行研究。最后,分析月球借力高度、借力方位角和不同HOI点对平动点转移轨道飞行时间与燃耗变化量的影响,对于考虑月球借力的地月平动点转移轨道设计与应用具有重要的参考价值。