月球大气分子逃逸率的计算

文章从理论上计算了月球大气分子的逃逸率,解释了月球大气稀薄的原因。根据月岩和月壤放出的气体量与逃逸的气体量达到动态平衡的假定,说明了月球上大气密度昼夜的差异。     

大行星、月球和小天体环绕型探测器的轨道问题

针对环绕型探测器的轨道,以具有不同物理特征的大天体(金星、火星和月球等)为例,根据它们的质量大小(决定其引力作用范围的大小)、密度分布和形状特征(决定其非球形引力场的特征),具体阐述了它们各自环绕型探测器轨道的可能形式和不同的变化特征,另外介绍了小天体探测时的两种伴飞形式。关于环绕型探测器的轨道特征,如月球无大气,对其低轨探测器而言没有能量耗散影响,却同样有轨道寿命问题,而且由于其质量分布不均匀,这种现象还与轨道倾角有密切关系;而对火星的环绕型探测器而言,尽管有类似现象,但与轨道倾角的关系却大不相同。这些重要的轨道变化特征,可为深空探测中目标轨道的选择和设计提供依据。     

“嫦娥4号”任务有效载荷系统设计与实现

"嫦娥4号"任务将首次实现人类在月球背面软着陆。通过分析任务特点,以多类型有效载荷配置为背景,介绍了以科学目标和探测任务为核心的有效载荷系统设计思路和实现方法。同时针对首次在深空探测领域搭载国际合作有效载荷项目情况进行了说明。"嫦娥4号"任务最重要的科学目标是利用月球背面洁净的电磁环境进行天文低频射电观测,因此分别在着陆器和中继星上新增配置了国内新研制的低频射电频谱仪及荷兰研制的低频探测仪。科学探测的太阳爆发产生的低频电场信号极其微弱,如何消除着陆器和中继星上其他电子设备发射的近场噪声对远场探测信号的干扰就成了本次任务的最大难点。在相关研制单位的多方努力下,通过优化接收天线设计和地面数据处理算法等多种手段,实现了低频探测信号不低于30 d B的噪声抑制性能,具备了实现科学目标的能力。     

Depth dependency of neutron density produced by cosmic rays in the lunar subsurface

Depth dependency of neutrons produced by cosmic rays (CRs) in the lunar subsurface was estimated using the three-dimensional Monte Carlo particle and heavy ion transport simulation code, PHITS, incorporating the latest high energy nuclear data, JENDL/HE-2007. The PHITS simulations of equilibrium neutron density profiles in the lunar subsurface were compared with the measurement by Apollo 17 Lunar Neutron Probe Experiment (LNPE). Our calculations reproduced the LNPE data except for the 350–400 mg/cm² region under the improved condition using the CR spectra model based on the latest observations, well-tested nuclear interaction models with systematic cross section data, and JENDL/HE-2007.     

Coupling of earth’s magnetosphere,solar wind and lunar plasma environment

The Moon does not have significant atmosphere and magnetic field. So it was considered like a passive absorber of incoming plasma. The latest observation revealed that the significant deflected proton fluxes exist over magnetic anomalies at lunar surface. Such deflection implies that the magnetic anomalies may act as magnetosphere-like obstacles (mini-magnetospheres), modifying the upstream plasma.     

SNR periodical variation of Chang'E-3 spacecraft orbiting the Moon

Chang'E-3 spacecraft was orbiting the Moon from December 6–14, 2013, and very long baseline interferometry(VLBI) observations were performed to improve the accuracy of its orbit determination. In the process of recording VLBI raw data, 2 bits quantization was implemented.Interesting phenomenon was that signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of each VLBI station experienced periodical change and had large variation on amplitude while in the Moon's orbit, whereas SNR kept in a stable level after Chang'E-3 landed on the Moon. Influence of varying elevation angle on SNR was analyzed and compensation of 2 bits quantization harmonics to SNR calculation was investigated. Most importantly, telescope system noise temperature increase caused by the Moon was computed along the time of Chang'E-3 orbiting the Moon, and well matched SNR changing trend in terms of correlation coefficients.     

Libration point orbit rendezvous using PWPF modulated terminal sliding mode control

The near-range rendezvous problem of two libration point orbit spacecraft in the Earth–Moon system is studied using the terminal sliding mode control which enables a time-fixed process with the flight time prescribed a priori. The underlying dynamics are the full nonlinear equations of motion for a complete Solar System model. For practical purposes, two means of pulse-width pulse-frequency (PWPF) modulation are employed to realize the theoretical continuous control with a series of thrust pulses. Extensive simulations with major errors taken into account show that the sliding mode controller can successfully guide the chaser to a given staging node with the final position and velocity errors, on average, lower than 20 m and 1 mm/s, respectively. Compared with the glideslope guidance previously studied, the proposed approach outperforms the former by saving approximately 50–60% of total delta-v.     

地月系低能转移轨道设计

分析了不同转移轨道间的性能指标,以黄道面与白道面交线作为庞加莱截面实现不同系统轨道的拼接,利用其中耗能最小的日地系稳定流形和地月系的不稳定流形设计了一条低能耗转移轨道.最后对不同轨 道进行了能量分析和对比,优化了国内提出的低能探月轨道.仿真结果表明,文中方法比直接通过霍曼转移节约21.1%的能量,对探月工程的轨道设计具...     

Exploring links between crater floor mineralogy and layered lunar crust

Floors of similar sized craters, representing material from similar depth horizons, have been studied to explore their suitability as mineralogy indicators at various depths within the lunar crust. Clementine UV–vis multispectral data was used to generate mineral abundance maps of crater floors and surroundings using a modified version of algorithm given by Pieters et al. (2001) [Pieters, C.M., Head, J.W., Gaddis, L., Jolliff, B. and Duke, M. Rock types of the south pole aitken basin and extent of basaltic volcanism, JGR (106) E11, 28001–28022, 2001.]. Substantial processing of the crater floor material due to variety of geological processes is evident in the generated maps, making straight forward interpretations difficult. However, systematic compositional trends in fresh craters on the floors of target craters seem to indicate the feasibility of such an effort.