“嫦娥4号”月球背面着陆区月壳及深部结构特征

深部月壳和月幔物质结构是月球科学探测的关键问题之一。“嫦娥4号”初步将月球背面南极—艾肯（South Pole-Aitken,SPA）盆地内的冯·卡门（Von Kármán）撞击坑作为着陆点,具有重要的科学研究价值。结合月球重力、地形、布格重力、月壳厚度等地球物理数据,综合对冯·卡门撞击坑的月壳及其深部结构特征进行了分析。结果显示：冯·卡门撞击坑重复撞击到南部的冯·卡门M撞击坑上,后者的中央峰具有明显的布格正重力异常和线性的布格重力梯度特征,显示出高密度的幔部物质向上涌起;冯·卡门撞击坑极有可能穿透了该区域的整个月壳,并挖掘出了深部月幔的物质;该区域南部月壳厚度较薄小于5 km,北部平均月壳厚度在15～20 km,月壳平均密度为2 630 kg·m^-3,比背面高地月壳密度高,且平均孔隙度为9%,低于月球的平均孔隙度12%。     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

成都飞机工业公司的CIMSCAD／CAM集成系统的设计与开发

介绍了成都飞机工业公司的ＣＩＭＳＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ集成系统的设计和开发,论证了实现ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＰＰ／ＣＡＭ集成的数据转换接口、加工特征定义、ＣＡＰＰ、工程数据库等关键技术的开发和应用。     

基于工程图的飞机压延模设计CAD专家系统

基于工程设计ＣＡＤ专家系统特点,建立了ＡＤＤＥＳ专家系统（飞机压延模ＣＡＤ专家系统）。在建立ＤＩＥ编码系统基础上,使用特征编码等方法建立用户模型。系统中机构具有求解部分问题的能力,系统将机构层次地、分布式地组织,综合采用黑板结构、元推理等方法控制系统的问题求解策略,从而解决因知识库庞大而引起的效率低以及多专家系统合作等问题。     

Interactions of solar wind plasma with dust grains: Effects of strong plasma anisotropy

In this paper we re-examined the fundamental physics of charging of a dust particle in the moon environment by tenuous anisotropic solar wind plasma. The majority of work on dusty (complex) plasmas is largely concerns with laboratory plasmas, in which charging process of dust grains is very fast, thus making practical the working concept of dynamically equilibrium floating potential and grain charge. However, solar wind plasma parameters are considerably different at the moon orbit, and we found the characteristic charging time of lunar dust grains to be considerably longer, ranging from 3 to 4.6 min for micron size particles, and up to 7.6 h for 10-nm grains, depending on the value of plasma streaming velocity. These findings make it clear that the transient stage of charging process is important in the moon environment, and equilibrium floating potential and grain charge could be considered as long time asymptotic values. For this reason we re-formulated the moon dust charging process as an inherently time-dependent problem and derived the time-dependent charging equation for the grain potential for general case of anisotropic solar wind plasma. Using the results of our kinetics analysis we found that the distribution of charge density over grain surface submerged into solar wind plasma is highly anisotropic, thus making the OML model, which is based on the assumption of isotropic distribution of surface charge density, not applicable to the grain charging problem by the solar wind plasma.     

固体自润滑材料极端温度环境适应能力研究

模拟月球表面极端高低温环境,对空间飞行器机构活动部件常用固体自润滑材料进行极端温度环境存贮实验.通过拉伸强度、压缩强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度、摩擦磨损等性能研究,评价固体自润滑材料在月面极端高低温环境下的生存适应能力.结果表明,两种典型空间用固体自润滑材料模拟三个月球日经历极端温度环境存储实验后,各项性能都未发生明显变化.     

A lunar L2-Farside exploration and science mission concept with the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle and a teleoperated lander/rover

A novel concept is presented in this paper for a human mission to the lunar L2 (Lagrange) point that would be a proving ground for future exploration missions to deep space while also overseeing scientifically important investigations. In an L2 halo orbit above the lunar farside, the astronauts aboard the Orion Crew Vehicle would travel 15% farther from Earth than did the Apollo astronauts and spend almost three times longer in deep space. Such a mission would serve as a first step beyond low Earth orbit and prove out operational spaceflight capabilities such as life support, communication, high speed re-entry, and radiation protection prior to more difficult human exploration missions. On this proposed mission, the crew would teleoperate landers/rovers on the unexplored lunar farside, which would obtain samples from the geologically interesting farside and deploy a low radio frequency telescope. Sampling the South Pole-Aitken basin, one of the oldest impact basins in the solar system, is a key science objective of the 2011 Planetary Science Decadal Survey. Observations at low radio frequencies to track the effects of the Universe’s first stars/galaxies on the intergalactic medium are a priority of the 2010 Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey. Such telerobotic oversight would also demonstrate capability for human and robotic cooperation on future, more complex deep space missions such as exploring Mars.     

Chang'E-1 Lunar Mission:An Overview and Primary Science Results

Chang'E-1 is the first lunar mission in China, which was successfully launched on Oct. 24th, 2007. It was guided to crash on the Moon on March 1, 2009, at 52.36oE, 1.50oS, in the north of Mare Fecunditatis. The total mission lasted 495 days, exceeding the designed life-span about four months. 1.37 Terabytes raw data was received from Chang'E-1. It was then processed into 4 Terabytes science data at different levels. A series of science results have been achieved by analyzing and applicating these data, especially "global image of the Moon of China's first lunar exploration mission'. Four scientific goals of Chang'E-1 have been achieved. It provides abundant materials for the research of lunar sciences and cosmochemistry. Meanwhile these results will serve for China's future lunar missions.      

月球表面粗糙度的分形表征

文中采用"嫦娥一号"卫星探测器返回的激光高程计的数据,从研究月球表面的分形特征出发,选取月球表面的湿海区域进行研究,通过对激光高度计的原始数据进行处理,并利用SPSS统计软件对这两组数据进行拟合得到最佳的拟合模型。结果指出:1)分维可以作为一个独立的表征参量来表征粗糙表面的平缓程度。2)由拟合结果图可知,对于月球表面的湿海区域,分维与粗糙度存在单调递增关系,即分维值越大,区域表面越粗糙,表面起伏变化也越剧烈;并通过分析得出湿海区域的地形起伏较大。3)通过分维值D与粗糙度之间的关系式,对于某区域的任意一段轮廓,可以通过计算分维值D得出该轮廓的粗糙度值。同样的,对任一粗糙度值,可以求出相应的分维值以及该轮廓的具体纬度值位置。4)对于月球表面的其他区域,同样可以得出他们之间的相关性,从而达到研究月表地貌演化过程的目的。     

Night side lunar surface potential in the Earth’s magnetosphere

In the Earth’s magnetotail, Japanese Moon orbiter Kaguya repeatedly encountered the plasmoid or plasma sheet. The encounters were characterized by the low energy ion signatures including lobe cold ions, cold ion acceleration in the plasma sheet-lobe boundaries, and hot plasma sheet ions or fast flowing ions associated with plasmoids. Different from the previous observations made in the magnetotail by the GEOTAIL spacecraft, the ions were affected by the existence of the Moon. On the dayside of the Moon, tailward flowing cold ions and their acceleration were observed. However, on the night side, tailward flowing cold ions could not be observed since the Moon blocked them. In stead, ion acceleration by the spacecraft potential and the electron beam accelerated by the potential difference between lunar surface and spacecraft were simultaneously observed. These electron and ion data enabled us to determine the night side lunar surface potential and spacecraft potential only from the observed data for the first time.