Calculation of high-temperature insulation parameters and heat transfer behaviors of multilayer insulation by inverse problems method

In the present paper, a numerical model combining radiation and conduction for porous materials is developed based on the finite volume method. The model can be used to investigate high-temperature thermal insulations which are widely used in metallic thermal protection systems on reusable launch vehicles and high-temperature fuel cells. The effective thermal conductivities（ECTs） which are measured experimentally can hardly be used separately to analyze the heat transfer behaviors of conduction and radiation for high-temperature insulation. By fitting the effective thermal conductivities with experimental data, the equivalent radiation transmittance, absorptivity and reflectivity, as well as a linear function to describe the relationship between temperature and conductivity can be estimated by an inverse problems method. The deviation between the calculated and measured effective thermal conductivities is less than 4%. Using the material parameters so obtained for conduction and radiation, the heat transfer process in multilayer thermal insulation（MTI） is calculated and the deviation between the calculated and the measured transient temperatures at a certain depth in the multilayer thermal insulation is less than 6.5%.     

Systematic centroid error compensation for the simple Gaussian PSF in an electronic star map simulator

Simulated star maps serve as convenient inputs for the test of a star sensor, whose standardability mostly depends on the centroid precision of the simulated star image, so it is necessary to accomplish systematic error compensation for the simple Gaussian PSF（or SPSF, in which PSF denotes point spread function）. Firstly, the error mechanism of the SPSF is described, the reason of centroid deviations of the simulated star images based on SPSF lies in the unreasonable sampling positions（the centers of the covered pixels） of the Gaussian probability density function. Then in reference to the IPSF simulated star image spots regarded as ideal ones, and by means of normalization and numerical fitting, the pixel center offset function expressions are got, so the systematic centroid error compensation can be executed simply by substituting the pixel central position with the offset position in the SPSF. Finally, the centroid precision tests are conducted for the three big error cases of Gaussian radius r = 0.5, 0.6, 0.671 pixel, and the centroid accuracy with the compensated SPSF（when r = 0.5） is improved to 2.83 times that of the primitive SPSF, reaching a 0.008 pixel error, an equivalent level of the IPSF. Besides its simplicity, the compensated SPSF further increases both the shape similarity and the centroid precision of simulated star images, which helps to improve the image quality and the standardability of the outputs of an electronic star map simulator（ESS）.     

Fuzzy adaptive tracking control within the full envelope for an unmanned aerial vehicle

Motivated by the autopilot of an unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） with a wide flight envelope span experiencing large parametric variations in the presence of uncertainties, a fuzzy adaptive tracking controller（FATC） is proposed. The controller consists of a fuzzy baseline controller and an adaptive increment, and the main highlight is that the fuzzy baseline controller and adaptation laws are both based on the fuzzy multiple Lyapunov function approach, which helps to reduce the conservatism for the large envelope and guarantees satisfactory tracking performances with strong robustness simultaneously within the whole envelope. The constraint condition of the fuzzy baseline controller is provided in the form of linear matrix inequality（LMI）, and it specifies the satisfactory tracking performances in the absence of uncertainties. The adaptive increment ensures the uniformly ultimately bounded（UUB） predication errors to recover satisfactory responses in the presence of uncertainties. Simulation results show that the proposed controller helps to achieve high-accuracy tracking of airspeed and altitude desirable commands with strong robustness to uncertainties throughout the entire flight envelope.     

A seventh-order model for dynamic response of an electro-hydraulic servo valve

In this paper, taking two degrees of freedom on the armature–flapper assembly into account, a seventh-order model is deduced and proposed for the dynamic response of a two-stage electro-hydraulic servo valve from nonlinear equations. These deductions are based on fundamental laws of electromagnetism, fluid, and general mechanics. The coefficients of the proposed seventhorder model are derived in terms of servo valve physical parameters and fluid properties explicitly.For validating the results of the proposed model, an AMESim simulation model based on physical laws and the existing low-order models validated by other researchers through experiments are used to compare with the seventh-order model. The results show that the seventh-order model can reflect the physical behavior of the servo valve more explicitly than the existing low-order models and it could provide guidance more easily for a linear control design approach and sensitivity analysis than the AMESim simulation model.     

无人机测控传输中SCCPM优化设计

针对无人机测控传输系统频率资源日趋紧张、电磁环境日渐复杂的现状,为提高无线传输频带效率和功率效率,在卷积码和CPM（Continuous Phase Modulation,连续相位调制）的基础上,提出一种基于SCCPM（Serially Concatenated CPM,串行级联CPM）的无人机遥控、遥测数据传输体制.通过引入Turbo（涡轮）码迭代原理设计CPM解调与卷积译码反馈校正结构,并对CPM解调算法进行优化以减小复杂度,得到相位连续、频谱紧凑、编码增益高、收敛特性好的无人机测控通信系统.仿真结果表明：所设计方案采用级联外迭代方式可获取更高的信噪比增益、更低的错误平层——与典型应用的RS（Reed-Solomon,里德-所罗门）码级联卷积码相比,该方案能够多获取1.6 dB的信噪比增益,表明SCCPM更适用于无人机测控数据传输.     

气凝胶中遮光剂的辐射特性计算及优化设计

以TiO2 微米颗粒为例,计算了不同形状遮光剂颗粒的光学特性,表征形状、尺寸对颗粒光学特性
的影响,并考虑实际遮光剂颗粒的粒径分布,计算了不同形状颗粒的平均光学特性。为满足工程需要,针对球
形遮光剂,给出了粒径服从对数正态分布律时使材料高温下辐射热导率最小的遮光剂参数优化设计,由此可使
1 300 K 下遮光气凝胶的辐射热导率降低至纯气凝胶的1/10 左右。     

率相关HTPB推进剂/衬层界面Ⅱ型内聚力模型

采用实验与反演相结合的方法构建了端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)推进剂/衬层界面的率相关的内聚力模型.采用改进的单搭接试件完成了HTPB推进剂/衬层界面的断裂实验研究,采用内聚力单元方法对单搭接试件进行了数值研究,结合基于Hook-Jeeves优化算法的反演识别程序,获取了不同加载率下的界面断裂参数.由于界面断裂参数具有明显的率相关性,通过构建率相关的损伤函数,构建了基于双线性内聚力模型的率相关HTPB推进剂/衬层界面Ⅱ型内聚力模型.模型预测结果和实验结果的对比相关系数大于99%,说明本文所建立的 率相关内聚力模型具有较高的准确性,能够准确描述加载率为5~200mm/min时推进剂/衬层界面的断裂性质.      

风兜面积对气冷喷油杆性能影响的数值研究

以某型涡扇发动机加力燃烧室气冷喷油杆为研究对象,在梯形截面的风兜下底和高度不变的情况下,通过改变上底长度得到一系列不同风兜面积的几何模型,综合考虑外流场对气冷喷油杆内部流动和换热特性的影响,对其在巡航状态下进行了流/热/固耦合三维数值模拟研究,获得了不同风兜面积对气冷喷油杆引气率、冷却空气喷口流量分布、壁面平均冷却效果、壁面最高温度的影响规律.结果表明:引气率随风兜面积增大线性增大;喷油嘴凸台周围冷却空气喷口的流量沿气冷喷油杆内冷却空气流向呈二次曲线规律变化,且随风兜面积增大分布趋于均匀;随风兜面积增大,喷油杆、隔热套壁面平均冷却效果线性增大,壁面最高温度降低;有效抑制内涵高温燃气倒灌进入隔热套是避免喷油杆局部高温的关键.      

SVM在气体减压器稳定性能中的应用

使用支持向量机(SVM)研究涡轮气封减压试验系统中高压卸荷膜片式减压器的稳定性问题,主要集中于以往方法不易涉及的多结构参数变化.针对稀疏易有残缺的小样本空间,与BP(back propagation)神经网络模型进行对比,得出SVM方法在所研究数据集上的一些结论:SVM模型预测性能在多结构参数变化情形下优于BP神经网络模型,预测误差平均降低了25.5%;SVM的泛化性好于BP;在双参数、三参数情形下,SVM模型为气体减压器的设计提供了更好的决策支持,给出了优化结构参数的设计建议.      

欠频响压力探针测量压气机动态流场的结果分析

压气机内部流动具有很强的非定常特征,尤其是小尺寸发动机叶片通过频率高达30～80 kHz,而动态压力探针的响应频率只能与叶片通过频率相当,采用其测量不易获得具体的高频流场结构.为了研究这种欠频响情况下测得流场与真实流场的差异,以某低速压气机为对象进行了模拟研究.采用频响为420 Hz的动态压力探针及频响大干33 kHz的单斜丝热线探针,测量了叶片通过频率为303 Hz的转子出口流场.修正了动态压力探针的容腔效应对测得流场的影响,校验了在测试系统响应频率较低时,修正后流场与热线测得的参考流场之间的差异.对比结果表明:原始流场压力信号的部分频率成分产生了较大偏差,出口截面流场的周向位置有较大误差.经修正后,周向位置较为准确,泄漏堵塞区域形态以及强度都与参考流场的更为接近,但由于尾迹区存在部分高频,修正后结果与参考流场的差异仍较明显.