基于场协同原理的横排锯齿翅片湍流传热强化机理

通过数值模拟方法分析了横排(TD)锯齿翅片在板翅换热器通道内传热与流动特性.研究了湍流条件下横排锯齿翅片的温度场,速度场以及两场协同性,探索其强化传热机理.在此基础上获得了翅片高度,翅片间距和翅片宽度对传热与流动的影响规律,并给出了横排锯齿翅片的综合传热性能因子.结果表明:横排锯齿翅片通道内流体扰动强烈,形成了周期性纵向涡流;改善了通道内速度与温度梯度场之间的协同作用,强化传热效果,提高了综合传热性能因子.      

三维矩形板1/4椭圆角裂纹的通用权函数

对三维矩形板1/4椭圆角裂纹的通用权函数进行了研究.基于有限元方法计算了裂纹面承受沿宽度方向的均布、线性分布和2次分布应力时的参考应力强度因子解,建立了形式较为统一、较高精度以及适用范围相对更宽的参考应力强度因子近似表达式.在此基础上获得了三维矩形板1/4椭圆角裂纹的通用权函数,最后采用裂纹面分别承受3次、5次和7次幂函数分布应力下的应力强度因子有限元解对通用权函数的计算精度进行了检验和验证.结果表明:建立的通用权函数相比已有的通用权函数精度由4%(A点)和6%(B点)提高到1.06%(A点)和1.6%(B点),补充验证的7次幂函数分布载荷下的应力强度因子通用权函数解的精度达到3.67%(A点)7.45%(B点).      

高旋转数下不同通道转角带肋回转通道的换热特性

提高回转通道气体压力,将实验雷诺数和旋转数范围分别扩展到10000～70000和0～2.08,在此基础上实验研究了高旋转数下通道转角为0°,22.5°,45°的带45°倾角斜肋的方形截面回转通道的换热特性.结果表明:在第1通道,通道转角对后缘面换热的影响整体上强于前缘面,尤其是通道入口段位置;在第2通道,通道转角对换热的影响比较小.对于区域平均换热分布,通道转角为45°的通道平均换热最强,通道转角为22.5°的通道次之,通道转角为0°的通道平均换热在3个通道转角中最弱.      

飞机热气防冰系统与冰脊预测的数值模拟

基于流固耦合传热的思想建立了一套飞机热气防冰系统的的数值模拟方法,并将其与积冰热力学模型结合起来,实现了热气防冰系统开启时的机翼积冰预测.采用格心格式有限体积法求解N-S方程获得防冰腔与外流场;通过欧拉法在外流场的基础上获得过冷水滴撞击特性;求解三维热传导偏微分方程获得蒙皮的传热特性;采用交接面插值的方法实现防冰腔到外流场的热量传递;建立了考虑三维溢流效应的积冰热力学模型并在此基础上开展了机翼冰脊的数值预测.数值模拟结果表明:热气防冰系统开启时加热机翼表面温度最高可达308K,加热区后的上下机翼表面均有冰脊形成,通过对结果的分析表明该方法是合理可行的.      

Calculation of high-temperature insulation parameters and heat transfer behaviors of multilayer insulation by inverse problems method

In the present paper, a numerical model combining radiation and conduction for porous materials is developed based on the finite volume method. The model can be used to investigate high-temperature thermal insulations which are widely used in metallic thermal protection systems on reusable launch vehicles and high-temperature fuel cells. The effective thermal conductivities（ECTs） which are measured experimentally can hardly be used separately to analyze the heat transfer behaviors of conduction and radiation for high-temperature insulation. By fitting the effective thermal conductivities with experimental data, the equivalent radiation transmittance, absorptivity and reflectivity, as well as a linear function to describe the relationship between temperature and conductivity can be estimated by an inverse problems method. The deviation between the calculated and measured effective thermal conductivities is less than 4%. Using the material parameters so obtained for conduction and radiation, the heat transfer process in multilayer thermal insulation（MTI） is calculated and the deviation between the calculated and the measured transient temperatures at a certain depth in the multilayer thermal insulation is less than 6.5%.     

Systematic centroid error compensation for the simple Gaussian PSF in an electronic star map simulator

Simulated star maps serve as convenient inputs for the test of a star sensor, whose standardability mostly depends on the centroid precision of the simulated star image, so it is necessary to accomplish systematic error compensation for the simple Gaussian PSF（or SPSF, in which PSF denotes point spread function）. Firstly, the error mechanism of the SPSF is described, the reason of centroid deviations of the simulated star images based on SPSF lies in the unreasonable sampling positions（the centers of the covered pixels） of the Gaussian probability density function. Then in reference to the IPSF simulated star image spots regarded as ideal ones, and by means of normalization and numerical fitting, the pixel center offset function expressions are got, so the systematic centroid error compensation can be executed simply by substituting the pixel central position with the offset position in the SPSF. Finally, the centroid precision tests are conducted for the three big error cases of Gaussian radius r = 0.5, 0.6, 0.671 pixel, and the centroid accuracy with the compensated SPSF（when r = 0.5） is improved to 2.83 times that of the primitive SPSF, reaching a 0.008 pixel error, an equivalent level of the IPSF. Besides its simplicity, the compensated SPSF further increases both the shape similarity and the centroid precision of simulated star images, which helps to improve the image quality and the standardability of the outputs of an electronic star map simulator（ESS）.     

Fuzzy adaptive tracking control within the full envelope for an unmanned aerial vehicle

Motivated by the autopilot of an unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） with a wide flight envelope span experiencing large parametric variations in the presence of uncertainties, a fuzzy adaptive tracking controller（FATC） is proposed. The controller consists of a fuzzy baseline controller and an adaptive increment, and the main highlight is that the fuzzy baseline controller and adaptation laws are both based on the fuzzy multiple Lyapunov function approach, which helps to reduce the conservatism for the large envelope and guarantees satisfactory tracking performances with strong robustness simultaneously within the whole envelope. The constraint condition of the fuzzy baseline controller is provided in the form of linear matrix inequality（LMI）, and it specifies the satisfactory tracking performances in the absence of uncertainties. The adaptive increment ensures the uniformly ultimately bounded（UUB） predication errors to recover satisfactory responses in the presence of uncertainties. Simulation results show that the proposed controller helps to achieve high-accuracy tracking of airspeed and altitude desirable commands with strong robustness to uncertainties throughout the entire flight envelope.     

率相关HTPB推进剂/衬层界面Ⅱ型内聚力模型

采用实验与反演相结合的方法构建了端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)推进剂/衬层界面的率相关的内聚力模型.采用改进的单搭接试件完成了HTPB推进剂/衬层界面的断裂实验研究,采用内聚力单元方法对单搭接试件进行了数值研究,结合基于Hook-Jeeves优化算法的反演识别程序,获取了不同加载率下的界面断裂参数.由于界面断裂参数具有明显的率相关性,通过构建率相关的损伤函数,构建了基于双线性内聚力模型的率相关HTPB推进剂/衬层界面Ⅱ型内聚力模型.模型预测结果和实验结果的对比相关系数大于99%,说明本文所建立的 率相关内聚力模型具有较高的准确性,能够准确描述加载率为5~200mm/min时推进剂/衬层界面的断裂性质.      

风兜面积对气冷喷油杆性能影响的数值研究

以某型涡扇发动机加力燃烧室气冷喷油杆为研究对象,在梯形截面的风兜下底和高度不变的情况下,通过改变上底长度得到一系列不同风兜面积的几何模型,综合考虑外流场对气冷喷油杆内部流动和换热特性的影响,对其在巡航状态下进行了流/热/固耦合三维数值模拟研究,获得了不同风兜面积对气冷喷油杆引气率、冷却空气喷口流量分布、壁面平均冷却效果、壁面最高温度的影响规律.结果表明:引气率随风兜面积增大线性增大;喷油嘴凸台周围冷却空气喷口的流量沿气冷喷油杆内冷却空气流向呈二次曲线规律变化,且随风兜面积增大分布趋于均匀;随风兜面积增大,喷油杆、隔热套壁面平均冷却效果线性增大,壁面最高温度降低;有效抑制内涵高温燃气倒灌进入隔热套是避免喷油杆局部高温的关键.      

SVM在气体减压器稳定性能中的应用

使用支持向量机(SVM)研究涡轮气封减压试验系统中高压卸荷膜片式减压器的稳定性问题,主要集中于以往方法不易涉及的多结构参数变化.针对稀疏易有残缺的小样本空间,与BP(back propagation)神经网络模型进行对比,得出SVM方法在所研究数据集上的一些结论:SVM模型预测性能在多结构参数变化情形下优于BP神经网络模型,预测误差平均降低了25.5%;SVM的泛化性好于BP;在双参数、三参数情形下,SVM模型为气体减压器的设计提供了更好的决策支持,给出了优化结构参数的设计建议.