Predictive fault-tolerant control of an all-thruster satellite in 6-DOF motion via neural network model updating

The problem of controlling an all-thruster spacecraft in the coupled translational-rotational motion in presence of actuators fault and/or failure is investigated in this paper. The nonlinear model predictive control approach is used because of its ability to predict the future behavior of the system. The fault/failure of the thrusters changes the mapping between the commanded forces to the thrusters and actual force/torque generated by the thruster system. Thus, the basic six degree-of-freedom kinetic equations are separated from this mapping and a set of neural networks are trained off-line to learn the kinetic equations. Then, two neural networks are attached to these trained networks in order to learn the thruster commands to force/torque mappings on-line. Different off-nominal conditions are modeled so that neural networks can detect any failure and fault, including scale factor and misalignment of thrusters. A simple model of the spacecraft relative motion is used in MPC to decrease the computational burden. However, a precise model by the means of orbit propagation including different types of perturbation is utilized to evaluate the usefulness of the proposed approach in actual conditions. The numerical simulation shows that this method can successfully control the all-thruster spacecraft with ON-OFF thrusters in different combinations of thruster fault and/or failure.     

基于新陈代谢GM（1,1）模型的导弹遥测故障预测算法

在人工监视遥测关键参数是否超出阈值范围以判断导弹故障的传统模式基础上,对GM（1,1）预测模型进行了改进,研究了基于新陈代谢的GM（1,1）预测算法对遥测参数实时预测效果.该算法能不断去掉最老的信息,充分利用最新的信息,避免了预测模型老化的现象;由于用于预测的数列维度较少,便于计算,能够保证算法的实时性.用MATLAB编程实现算法,比对实测数据的预测值与实际值,并进行误差分析.结果表明,该算法对遥测参数的预测精度较高,可为及时发现导弹故障提供科学的依据.     

基于改进的卷积神经网络的步态识别

为了提高惯性传感器采集到的序列数据中步态识别的准确率,建立了一个激励层改进的卷积神经网络(CNN)模型。针对三轴加速度传感器对运动太过敏感导致步态周期划分不准确的问题,采用加速度传感器与弯曲度传感器组合获取人体运动信息。将CNN模型中激励层的线性整流函数(ReLU)改进为带泄露线性整流函数(Leaky ReLU),以解决遇到卷积输出数据小于0时神经元被抑制的问题,进而达到提高步态识别准确率的目的。实验结果表明激励层优化的CNN模型在行走、上下楼和上下坡五种步态模式下识别率达到了95.79%,与未采用弯曲度传感器的改进CNN模型和未进行激励层改进的CNN模型相比,步态识别率有所提高。     

Spatial transformation of general sampling-aliasing frequency region for rotating-blade parameter identification with emphasis on single-probe blade tip-timing measurement

Blade-health monitoring is intensely required for turbomachinery because of the high failure risk of rotating blades. Blade-Tip Timing (BTT) is considered as the most promising technique for operational blade-vibration monitoring, which obtains the parameters that characterize the blade condition from recorded signals. However, its application is hindered by severe undersampling and stringent probe layouts. An inappropriate probe layout can make most of the existing methods invalid or inaccurate. Additionally, a general conflict arises between the allowed and required layouts because of arrangement restrictions. For the sake of economy and safety, parameter identification based on fewer probes has been preferred by users. In this work, a spatial-transformation-based method for parameter identification is proposed based on a single-probe BTT measurement. To present the general Sampling-Aliasing Frequency (SAFE) map definition, the traditional time–frequency analysis methods are extended to a time-sampling frequency. Then, a SAFE map is projected onto a parameter space using spatial transformation to extract the slope and intercept parameters, which can be physically interpreted as an engine order and a natural frequency using coordinate transformation. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are verified by simulations and experiments under uniformly and nonuniformly variable speed conditions.     

柔性航天器的动力学建模问题

首先简单介绍了关于柔性航天器动力学建模的一些综述论文,指出了柔性航天器动力学建模的困难所在。然后,分别对柔性体变形运动的描述模型,浮动参考架的选择、动力学方程的建立和模型降阶等问题进行了探讨。     

太阳大气中湍动场对CaⅡK线的影响

本文运用黑子半影模型研究了中介湍动场对太阳大气中CaII K线的影响。结果表明,空间分辨率的提高以及湍动元长度的增加均可导致观测谱线轮廓的不对称。当湍动元长度小于40km时,中介湍动场可以用微观和宏观湍动的组合来模拟,对大气模型及谱线轮廓的计算基本无影响;但当湍动元长度大于40km时,这种简化的处理方法可能导致大气模型上层色球温度偏高。文中通过一个计算实例,说明了在太阳大气模型计算中,只用中介湍动也可能使谱线的理论轮廓同观测基本相符。      

大型星载可展开天线的展开动力学问题

针对大型星载可展开天线所具有的尺寸大、刚性小、展开机构复杂,所处环境恶劣等特点,结合天线的构形特征,着重从可展开天线展开动力学的建模角度,综述了可展开天线的展开动力学问题。对解决途径及办法提出了一些看法。     

综合效益模型求解方法的探讨

综合效益模型,是一种综合多因素影响的动态模型,它既包括一般效益模型,又考虑最优投资的优化效益模型。前者求解,可用解析法;后者求解,就不那么容易。文章分析了模型特征,认为是一个固定端点的最优控制问题,从而,选用格林定理（公式）能较好地求得满意解。     

航天器热网络模型及其系数修正方法

叙述了目前航天器热网络模型与航天器实际换热之间的偏差,提出了利用航天器稳态热平衡试验结果进行热网络模型及其系数修正的方法。通过对某仪器舱热平衡试验数据的处理,实现了对该仪器舱热网络模型及其系数的修正,并对修正的结果进行了讨论。     

边缘检测技术在火箭发动机实验诊断中的应用

对高速运动分析仪拍摄的Ｕ型燃气发生器固体装药燃烧和双组元液体喷嘴雾化图像进行了边缘检测图像分析,根据被分析实物边缘层次性较强的特点,在简单边缘检测的基础上采用自动门限、二次门限和最佳滤波的方法,获得了固体燃气发生器在燃烧过程中的内部结构、推进剂瞬态燃速、绝热隔板烧蚀率等参数,获得了双组元液体喷嘴的雾化角、粒子分布等特性。